混凝土无机表面处理技术研究进展

混凝土表面处理能够显著改善混凝土表面渗透性,与有机表面处理相比,无机表面处理既能提升混凝土的耐久性,又具有较强的抗老化性能,发展前景比有机表面处理更广阔。对不同无机表面处理研究工作进行了总结对比,分析了无机表面处理的作用机理及其对混凝土耐久性的影响,以期为无机表面处理技术的进一步研究和其在工程中的应用提供指导和帮助。     

环氧胶粘剂及其胶接界面热氧老化机理研究

采用红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱和扫描电镜对环氧胶粘剂的热氧老化机理进行了研究。同时,对环氧胶接结构进行了力学性能分析,研究了热氧环境对其力学性能退化的影响。结果表明,环氧胶粘剂在热氧加速老化中发生的化学反应主要有后固化反应和氧化反应。热氧老化过程中,环氧胶中的羟基被氧化为醛基化合物,亚甲基被氧化为酰胺。热氧加速老化后的力学性能表明,环氧胶材料本体的耐老化性能好,界面粘接强度具有较好的稳定性。     

硝酸羟胺的热稳定性评估及热分解机理研究

为评估氧化剂硝酸羟胺的热稳定性,使用标准液体铝皿于3K/min、4K/min、5K/min加热速率下进行热分析。借助非等温DSC曲线的参数值,应用Kissinger法和Ozawa法求得热分解反应的表观活化能和指前因子,根据Zhang-Hu-Xie-Li公式、Hu-Yang-Liang-Xie公式、Hu-Zhao-Gao公式以及Zhao-Hu-Gao公式,计算硝酸羟胺的自加速分解温度和热爆炸临界温度,并对热分解机理函数进行了研究。设计了7条热分解反应路径,采用密度泛函理论B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)方法对硝酸羟胺的热分解进行了动力学和热力学计算。计算结果表明,硝酸羟胺热分解的自加速分解温度TSADT=370.05K,热爆炸临界温度Tbe0=388.68K,Tbp0=397.54K,热分解最可几机理函数的微分形式为f(α)=17×(1-α)18/17。硝酸羟胺热分解各路径中,动力学优先支持路径Path 6、Path 5、Path 4和Path 1生成NO和NO_2,其次是Path 2、Path 7和Path 3生成N2和N_2O。温度在373K以下时,Path 1′反应无法自发进行,硝酸羟胺无法进行自发的热分解。从热力学的角度来看,硝酸羟胺在370.05K以下储存是安全的。     

镍基单晶高温合金涡轮叶片缘板杂晶的研究进展

镍基单晶高温合金涡轮叶片缘板杂晶的出现严重影响叶片的力学性能,导致叶片报废。综述了关于缘板杂晶的形成本质的研究,总结了不同影响因素对缘板杂晶形成的影响及原因并概况了几种不同杂晶的控制方法,指出了以往研究中存在的问题,展望了未来研究的方向。     

径棒法编织C/C复合材料高温拉伸性能研究

采用化学气相沉积、沥青浸渍-高压碳化混合致密工艺向径棒法编织的预制体内引入基体碳,实现高密度(≥1.94g/cm3)炭/炭复合材料制备。利用快速通电加热测试技术,模拟C/C复合材料的高温工作环境,研究不同温度下材料的环向拉伸性能。结果表明:在2 300℃时,材料拉伸强度最大(80.3 MPa),断裂应变随着温度的升高而增加。采用扫描电镜对试样及断口形貌进行观察,发现测试温度、机加损伤及试样过渡区应力集中影响材料断裂特征。温度为1 800℃、2 300℃时材料在过渡区断裂;温度为2 800℃时,材料在标距区发生破坏,纤维与基体界面结合强度低,纤维拔出多,表现出假塑性断裂特征。     

Ni包覆Al2O3粉体的RCVD法制备及机理研究

金属Ni包覆于陶瓷粉体的表面,可以促进其烧结、提高导电性或赋予新的功能性质.本文采用旋转化学气相沉积法(RCVD),利用二茂镍(NiCp_2)前驱体的热分解,借助载体氢气对反应的催化促进作用,在Al_2O_3粉体表面包覆了均匀分散的Ni纳米粒子,并研究了包覆温度和原料供应速率对反应产物物相、粒度和形貌的影响规律.研究表明,在包覆温度为450~550℃、前驱体二茂镍(NiCp_2)供给速率为(0.6~2.0)×10~(-6)kg/s条件下,通过对反应过程中镍纳米粒子的包覆温度和前驱体二茂镍(NiCp_2)供给速率调控可对镍纳米粒子的粒径大小和包覆层数进行调控.结合实验结果,分析了载体氢气对二茂镍反应的催化促进作用,阐述了旋转化学气相沉积条件下Ni纳米粒子在Al_2O_3粉体表面均匀包覆的过程与机制.通过调控包覆温度和原料供应速率,可以影响前驱体二茂镍的分解行为,从而调控镍纳米粒子在Al_2O_3粉体表面的包覆状态.     

Experimental investigations on nanogrinding of RB-SiC wafers

Nanogrinding experiments are performed to investigate the processing characteristics and material removal mechanism of reaction-bonded silicon carbide (RB-SiC) wafers on an ultraprecision grinder using the cup wheel. #120, #600 diamond wheels are used as coarse and semifinished grinding wheels, while #2000 and #12000 diamond wheels are selected as fine and finish grinding wheels, respectively. The experimental results indicate that an ultrasmooth surface with roughness value R_a less than 3?nm and groove depth about 5?nm can be achieved using a diamond wheel whose mesh size exceeds 2000. In addition, R_a less than 1?nm and groove depth about 2?nm will be obtained with a #12000 diamond wheel. The present study reveals the feasibility of ultraprecision grinding RB-SiC materials in the ductile regime and provides technological insights into nanogrinding of hard materials with an ultrasmooth surface.     

Reinforcement in Al Matrix Composites: A Review of Strengthening Behavior of Nano‐Sized Particles

Aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) reinforced with the nano‐sized particles are very important materials for the applications in industrial fields. These aluminum matrix composites consist of an aluminum matrix and nano‐sized particles, which own very different physical and mechanical properties from those of the matrix. Nano‐sized particles show a more obvious strengthening effect on the matrix than the micro‐sized particles do, because of the high specific surface area which is positive for the pinning effect during the deformation process. Thus, the nano‐sized particle‐reinforced AMCs usually exhibit a good ductility. The main issues of the fabrication methods are the low wettability between the nano‐sized particles and the molten aluminum alloys, which is fatal to the conventional casting methods, and the agglomeration of nano‐sized particles which happened easier than the larger particles. Several alternative processes have been presented in literature for the production of the nano‐sized particle‐reinforced aluminum composites. This paper is aimed at reviewing the feasible manufacturing techniques used for the fabrication of nano‐sized particle‐reinforced aluminum composites. More importantly, the strengthening mechanisms and models which are responsible for the improvement of mechanical properties of the nano‐sized particle‐reinforced aluminum composites have been reviewed.

     

Mechanical Properties and Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Glass‐Fiber‐Reinforced Epoxy Composites Embedded with Shape Memory Alloy Wires

The effects of the content and position of shape memory alloy (SMA) wires on the mechanical properties and interlaminar fracture toughness of glass‐fiber‐reinforced epoxy (GF/epoxy) composite laminates are investigated. For this purpose, varying numbers of SMA wires are embedded in GF/epoxy composite laminates in different stacking sequences. The specimens are prepared by vacuum‐assisted resin infusion (VARI) processing and are subjected to static tensile and three‐point‐bending tests. The results show that specimens with two SMA wires in the stacking sequence of [GF₂/SMA/GF₁/SMA/GF₂] and four SMA wires in the stacking sequence of [GF₄/SMA/GF₂/SMA/GF₄] exhibit optimal performance. The flexural strength of the optimal four‐SMA‐wire composite is lower than that of the pure GF/epoxy composite by 5.76% on average, and the flexural modulus is improved by 5.19%. Mode‐I and II interlaminar fracture toughness tests using the SMA/GF/epoxy composite laminates in the stacking sequence of [GF₄/SMA/GF₂/SMA/GF₄] are conducted to evaluate the mechanism responsible for decreasing the mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations reveal that the main damage modes are matrix delamination, interfacial debonding, and fiber pullout.

     

Tensile Strength Evolution and Damage Mechanisms of Al–Si Piston Alloy at Different Temperatures

The Al–Si piston alloys always bear different temperatures because of its peculiar component structure and service condition. Therefore, the tensile strength, elongation to fracture, and corresponding damage mechanisms of Al12SiCuNiMg piston alloys (ASPA) have been investigated with in situ technique at different temperatures. The tensile properties show two‐stage tendencies: the former stage (25–280 °C) is determined by easily broken phases with inherent brittleness (such as primary Si), and the fracture behavior presents rapid brittle fracture after reaching the critical stress (about 430 MPa, based on in situ technique and the elastic stress field model). The later one (280–425 °C) is dominated by particles debonding and θphase coarsening. The plastic deformation behavior, dynamic recovery, and flow process become more significant on account of thermal activation. The Considère criterion h = K indicates that the transition of damage behaviors from insufficient local strength to insufficient matrix strength and the corresponding failure model shifts from brittle to ductile fracture. Based on the damage mechanisms, the elastic field model and thermal activation relation model have been established to characterize the strength of the ASPA at different temperature ranges.