触觉传感与显示技术现状及发展趋势

阐述了触觉感知、触觉传感及触觉显示等方面的国内外技术现状。在分析综合的基础上,指出触觉传感和显示技术已经逐渐脱离了最初紧密关联的临场感应用环境,两者分离并独立发展成为全新的学科方向已经成为一个趋势。触觉传感主要围绕智能机器人领域和康复医疗领域,而触觉显示除传统的机器人临场感及视觉功能替代应用外,还包括虚拟现实、电影电视、游戏娱乐、工业设计、制图绘画、教育培训以及工业触控屏等领域。最后给出了触觉领域的未来发展趋势。     

To what extent do Gestalt grouping principles influence tactile perception?

Since their formulation by the Gestalt movement more than a century ago, the principles of perceptual grouping have primarily been investigated in the visual modality and, to a lesser extent, in the auditory modality. The present review addresses the question of whether the same grouping principles also affect the perception of tactile stimuli. Although, to date, only a few studies have explicitly investigated the existence of Gestalt grouping principles in the tactile modality, we argue that many more studies have indirectly provided evidence relevant to this topic. Reviewing this body of research, we argue that similar principles to those reported previously in visual and auditory studies also govern the perceptual grouping of tactile stimuli. In particular, we highlight evidence showing that the principles of proximity, similarity, common fate, good continuation, and closure affect tactile perception in both unimodal and crossmodal settings. We also highlight that the grouping of tactile stimuli is often affected by visual and auditory information that happen to be presented simultaneously. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and applied benefits that might pertain to the further study of Gestalt principles operating in both unisensory and multisensory tactile perception. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

用于假手指尖的光纤光栅触觉力传感器研究

针对现有假手触觉测量常用的薄膜压力传感器精度不佳、线性度差、迟滞性高等问题,研究了一种可安装于假手指尖的光纤布拉格光栅触觉力传感器。首先,通过传感单元的微小化结构设计,可以将施加的外力转化为光纤承受的轴向力;进而,通过有限元对传感器结构参数进行优化,提高了光纤光栅对于压力的灵敏度;然后,围绕假手指尖应用的需求,制作了这种光纤布拉格光栅触觉力传感器;最后,对该传感器进行了性能标定、对比分析和应用抓取3个实验分析,实验结果表明:该传感器压力灵敏度为0.103 8 nm/N,线性度R~2为0.998,重复性误差为1.32%和迟滞性误差为2.19%;与现有的薄膜压力传感器对比,该传感器的线性度和重复度都更高,迟滞性更低。     

基于PVDF的欠驱动多指手滑触觉硬件系统

为解决传统果蔬采摘欠驱动多指手抓取力控制精度不高的问题,提出了一种基于聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)压电薄膜技术的新型欠驱动多指手滑触觉系统,该系统由信号采集和信号处理两个模块组成;分别设计了滑触觉传感器,电荷放大、低通滤波、工频限波、电压放大等电路,并进行了捏取和抓取实验.实验结果表明,该系统能较好地控制多指手的抓取精度,实现无损伤抓取,且具有广阔的应用前景.     

具有压力和位置检测功能的气囊型触觉传感器

为了提高机器人与外界环境的安全交互性能,基于导电面电势分布理论和封闭气体压缩定律提出一种适用于机器人曲表面的触觉传感器模型,实现了接触位置与接触压力的检测。传感器采用三层结构,包括导电层、压缩气体隔离层和信号提取层。为了适应任意曲面形状,降低导电层电势非线性分布影响,采用机器学习算法对电势分布模型进行重建。采用COMSOL软件对传感器导电层进行物理建模与仿真,并制备了传感器样品。仿真和实验结果表明,提出的触觉传感器模型可以定制于机器人曲表面上,并能实现接触位置和接触压力的实时检测,可用于人机信息交互。     

基于触觉传感器的工件形状识别

介绍了一种利用阵列触觉传感器实现工件形状识别的新方法.该方法针对传感器采集的触觉图像的特殊性,在信号的预处理中采用Hopfield神经网络解决断线、畸变等问题.并以矩描绘子作为特征判别的主要依据,采用模板匹配法实现了工件形状的正确识别.     

基于电活性聚合物薄膜柔性器件的触觉传感特性

针对电活性聚合物(EAP)薄膜制造柔性智能器件的发展要求,分析了电活性聚合物薄膜的正/逆力-电特性及发电机理,采用静电诱导自组装技术在电活性聚合物表面制备了碳纳米管薄膜电极,然后构建了柔性传感器件。实验研究了EAP柔性器件的手指关节弯曲姿态及脚踏运动触觉的传感特性。扫描电子显微(SEM)形貌观察表明:碳纳米管薄膜呈网状结构且质地致密均匀。基于EAP柔性器件的手指弯曲姿态实验结果表明:在手指弯曲度为15~90°时,输出电压峰值为1.2~3.7V,展示了输出电压峰值与手指弯曲度之间的高线性度,线性相关系数为0.9951。此外,采用EAP薄膜器件对踏步触觉进行了实验测试,其输出电压峰值在1V左右,而且具有响应快、可重复性好等优势。本文的研究为电活性聚合物薄膜型电子皮肤及触觉传感器的发展提供了理论基础和实验依据。     

基于触觉感知的视障儿童玩具开发设计研究

目的探索既能让视障儿童充满乐趣,又能培养他们健康人格和提高生活信心的玩具,使之充分得到儿童的权利和社会的关爱。方法根据视障儿童的感知特征和情感特性,立足于触觉在感知外部世界发挥的作用,强化玩具的触觉体验,以触感为主导,以玩具的感知性、情感性、教育性为主线展开设计。通过采用简单的形体、凹凸处理及纹理设计、模块化的游戏方式、阶段性的认知来实现玩具的易玩性和益玩性,保障视障儿童与玩具之间自然顺畅的沟通。结论基于触觉感知的视障儿童玩具设计是一种有效的设计思路,为后续的视障儿童用品设计研究提供参考。     

Highly Flexible Graphene Oxide Nanosuspension Liquid‐Based Microfluidic Tactile Sensor

A novel graphene oxide (GO) nanosuspension liquid‐based microfluidic tactile sensor is developed. It comprises a UV ozone‐bonded Ecoflex–polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic assembly filled with GO nanosuspension, which serves as the working fluid of the tactile sensor. This device is highly flexible and able to withstand numerous modes of deformation as well as distinguish various user‐applied mechanical forces it is subjected to, including pressing, stretching, and bending. This tactile sensor is also highly deformable and wearable, and capable of recognizing and differentiating distinct hand muscle‐induced motions, such as finger flexing and fist clenching. Moreover, subtle differences in the handgrip strength derived from the first clenching gesture can be identified based on the electrical response of our device. This work highlights the potential application of the GO nanosuspension liquid‐based flexible microfluidic tactile sensing platform as a wearable diagnostic and prognostic device for real‐time health monitoring. Also importantly, this work can further facilitate the exploration and potential realization of a functional liquid‐state device technology with superior mechanical flexibility and conformability.