WC/Cu复合材料制备及其高温性能

用机械合金化法结合冷变形，制备了WC／Cu复合材料，研究了冷变形后复合材料的组织特征和高温退火时韵性能变化。结果表明：烧结后的材料经冷变形，组织呈显著纤维状，WC颗粒弥散分布，密度明显提高，达到理论密度的99．2％；复合材料经600～900℃高温退火，强度和硬度略有下降，塑性则有大幅提高；900℃退火时未发生明显的再结晶，界面结合良好；所制备的WC／Cu复合材料有优良的综合性能。     

激光剥离GaN/Al2O3材料温度分布的解析分析

分析了脉冲激光作用下GaN的衬底剥离过程。利用简化的一维模型，给出一种比较直观的脉冲激光辐照下GaN／Al2O3材料温度分布的解析形式，得到了分界面温度和脉冲宽度的关系。表明，单脉冲作用下分界面的温度与加热时间的平方根成正比，并得出脉冲过后随着深度变化温度梯度的分布。在连续脉冲作用时，分界面的温度呈锯齿状不断升高。     

Al-10Mg型固溶合金自然时效稳定性研究

测定了ZL30 5合金自然时效 33年的力学性能变化 ,观察了晶界的析出相 ,研究了组织和性能的关系 ,从而确定了ZL30 5合金具有长期自然时效稳定性。     

微流控分析芯片制作中的低温键合技术

微流控分析芯片制作方法的研究是微流控分析的基础。制作性能良好的微流控分析芯片时,基片与盖片的键合技术十分重要。本文针对近年来发展迅速的低温键合技术,对各种方法进行了评价,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

Curie Temperatures of III–V Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors Calculated from First-Principles in Mean Field Approximation

Electronic structure and ferromagnetism in III–V compound-based diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) are investigated based on first-principles calculations by using the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method combined with the coherent-potential-approximation. The stability of the ferromagnetic phase in GaN-, GaAs-, GaP-, GaSb-based DMS is investigated systematically. The calculations show that 3d-impurities from the first-half of the transition metal series favor the ferromagnetic state, while impurities from the latter-half of the series exhibit spin-glass behavior. This chemical trend in the magnetism is explained by the double exchange mechanism taking the local symmetry at the impurity gap states into account. Curie temperatures of GaAs- and GaN-based DMS are estimated by using the Heisenberg model in a mean field approximation with the parameters calculated from first-principles. It is suggested that room-temperature ferromagnetism can be realized in these systems.     

The Soft-Contact Method and Instruments for Measuring the Surface Temperature of Solids

A method and instruments based on it are proposed for the contact measurement of surface temperature when carrying out industrial experiments and when monitoring technological parameters.     

低温脂肪酶产生菌的筛选、鉴定及其部分酶学性质

从南极乔治王岛冻土来源的76株低温细菌中筛选到13株低温脂肪酶产生菌，对其中的BTsl0022菌株进行鉴定。通过生理生化特征、16s rDNA基因序列的同源性和系统发育分析发现，菌株RTsl0022属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)，但与已定名的假单胞菌有一定的差异，与未定名的Pseudomonas sp．PsB的亲缘关系最接近，故将其暂定名为Pseudomonas sp．BTsl0022。对该菌脂肪酶的酶学性质初步研究表明，酶的最适作用温度为24℃，对热敏感，60℃处理30min仅残留25％酶活性，酶的适宜作用pH范围在7．0～9．0，最适pH为8．0。     

高温氨化合成GaN微晶

分别利用Ga2O3粉末和Ga2O3凝胶作为Ga源,采用NH3为N源,在950℃下,分别将两种反应物与流动的NH3反应20 min合成了GaN微晶。用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、选择区电子衍射(SAED)对微晶进行结构、形貌的分析,特别是对两种不同途径合成GaN微晶的XRD进行了分析比较。结果表明,当Ga源温度为950℃时两种不同的合成途径均可得到六方纤锌矿结构的GaN单晶颗粒,在氮化温度为850℃和900℃时,利用Ga2O3粉末作为Ga源,仅有少量的Ga2O3转变为GaN;而采用Ga2O3凝胶作为Ga源,在相同的温度下,大部分凝胶经过高温氨化反应均可转化为GaN。     

Volumetric Change and Surface Properties of Temperature-Sensitive Polyvinylalcohol (PVA) Hydrogel

Polyvinylalcohol (PVA) polymer gel is a temperature sensitive polymeric gel, with a critical transition temperature (with H₂O) of 310 K. At higher than 310 K, this temperature sensitive polymer gel shrinks because of discharging water, whereas at lower temperatures, the gel swelled because of absorbing water. The reversibility of the gel's volume change was confirmed by temperature swing. The adsorption behavior of an organic compound onto the PVA polymer gel in water was tested at various temperatures. The amount of adsorbed organic compound increased remarkably at temperatures higher than about 310 K. Then, it was confirmed that the organic compound in PVA polymer gel could be reversibly adsorbed and desorbed by a temperature change between 293 and 323 K. The mechanism of adsorption of the organic compound onto the PVA polymer gel could be explained by hydration and dehydration of polymer gel.     

天然气吸附储存脱附过程的动态模拟

通过热动力学计算,认识了脱附过程当中储罐内温度剖面分布的典型特征:储罐轴心处的温度下降幅度最大。分析了脱附过程当中储罐壁的热交换、吸附剂的导热系数以及储罐内的初始压力对储罐内的温度剖面的影响。结论是加强储罐外壁的热交换、增大吸附剂的导热系数皆能改善吸附储罐内的温度剖面。