Experimental and mathematical studies of natural convection for solid-salt dissolution in water

The phenomena of natural convection caused by a concentration gradient usually creates currents as a result of buoyancy forces. These forces are formed from the combined effect of a fluid density gradient and the body force (gravitational force). The above phenomenon was studied experimentally in a circular glass column of 0.08 m diameter and 1 m length. This column was erected vertically and filled with distilled water with a salt bag placed on top of it and partially immersed in water. The dissolution mechanism was then modelled and a finite difference method was used to solve the formulated equations by using the implicit scheme of MacCormack (Anderson et al., 1984). The experimental results and the numerical predictions are represented graphically and give compatible agreement.     

Electrochemical Investigation on the Formation of Dy-Fe Alloy in Molten Chlorides

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Extraction of halide quaternary salts in an organic solvent/water system: Hydrodynamics and mass transfer

The hydrodynamic characteristics and mass transfers of halide quaternary salts between two immiscible phases in a stirred membrane permeation cell were investigated. The concentration of quaternary salt, temperature, solvent and the four kinds of halide quaternary salts were evaluated to achieve the extractive optimum condition. The diffusivity, overall mass‐transfer coefficients and individual mass‐transfer coefficients were determined and correlated in terms of the conventional Sh‐Re‐Sc relationship. The transfer time of quaternary salts across the membrane and the thickness of the hydrodynamic diffusion boundary layer were determined as well, so as to characterize the extractive phenomenon of quaternary salts between the two phases that is useful in phase‐transfer catalysis.     

Investigation of the Interaction of Sodium Chloride and Two Amino Sulfonic Acids,HEPES and MOPSO,by EMF Measurements

Ionic interactions in the two systems NaCl-HEPES (N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N′-2-ethanesulfonic acid) and NaCl-MOPSO (3-(N-Morpholino)-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid) have been studied in terms of their mutual influence on the respective activity coefficients of each component. Activity coefficients for each component of the two systems and for corresponding buffers are calculated from emf measurements of solutions containing NaCl, the aminosulfonic acid, and its conjugate base in a NalSE/solution/AgCl-Ag cell at 5, 15, 25, and 37 °C.     

醋酸甲酯在Cs_(1.5)PW/SiO_2催化剂上的水解反应

通过改变阳离子的种类与配比,制备了一系列SiO2负载的磷钨酸盐催化剂,考察了制备方法对催化剂性能的影响,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射、X射线荧光光谱、环境扫描电子显微镜等方法对催化剂进行了表征,并考察了该系列催化剂对醋酸甲酯水解反应的活性。实验结果表明,Cs1.5PW/SiO2催化剂的活性最好,当Cs1.5PW负载量(质量分数)为30%时,Cs1.5PW的Keggin结构保持完好,没有硅钨酸阴离子形成,Cs1.5PW在SiO2载体上高度分散;在反应温度55℃、反应时间2h的条件下,醋酸甲酯的转化率为35.79%,约为均相磷钨酸催化剂的1.3倍。该催化剂重复使用4次后,醋酸甲酯的转化率稳定在25%;80℃下反应2h,与NKC-9磺酸树脂催化剂相比,醋酸甲酯的转化率提高了5.17%。     

高压水射流粉碎原盐

高压水射流粉碎技术是近年发展起来的一项新型粉碎技术。文中介绍了水射流粉碎机理和新研制的后混合靶式水射流粉碎装置 ,并通过原盐粉碎实验证明 ,水射流粉碎具有效率高、工艺简单、产品粒度可调等特点 ,是一项具有良好发展前景的粉碎技术。     

复杂区块井筒结盐综合治理技术

针对濮城油田部分低渗透、高矿化度复杂断块油藏生产油井结盐严重的特点，通过对油井盐样室内试验，剖析了结盐的原因及影响因素，提出了相应的井筒清、防盐配套新技术，在现场应用取得了良好效果。     

交联型聚醚聚氨酯的表征、力学性能及其碱金属盐络合物的导电性能

采用三羟甲基丙烷（ＴＭＰ）作交联剂与聚乙二醇（ＰＥＯ－１５４０）和甲苯二异氰酸酯（ＴＤＩ）反应，得到了具有较好力学性能的交联型聚醚聚氨酯（ＰＥＵ），该聚合物与ＬｉＣｌＯ４的结合物具有较高的室温电导率（σ３０℃＝１．８７×１０￣（－４）Ｓ／ｃｍ）。采用全反射红外光谱（ＡＴＲ－ＩＲ）对聚合物的结构进行了表征。对聚合物的组成、不同ＴＤＩ类型及络合盐浓度对聚合物力学性能及其络合物电导率的影响进行了探讨。低度交联聚合物的络合物，其电导率与温度的关系符合建立在自由体积理论上的ＶＴＦ方程，表明络合物中离子的传导主要是在无定形区域进行，与自由体积有关。     

Direct electroless Ni-P deposition on AM50 magnesium alloy from sulfate bath

A bright electroless Ni-P deposition on AM50 magnesium alloy in a sulfate plating bath was proposed by using direct plating process with non-chromate pretreatment. The electroless Ni-P plating on AM50 magnesium alloy has an admirable appearance and good adhesion. The results indicate that the electroless Ni-P deposition with non-chromate pretreatment has better adhesion than that of zinc immersion coating. Anodic polarization curves indicate that the electroless Ni-P deposition obtained from the sulfate bath has similar corrosion-resistance to that obtained from basic nickel carbonate bath. The deposition process generates less pollutant by a non-chromate plating bath and is suitable for the magnesium alloys manufacture because of its low cost. The hardness of the electroless Ni-P plated AM50 is about HV 720.6 and HV 969.7 after heat treatments at 180℃ for 2 h. The wear resistance of Ni-P plated magnesium alloy specimens is about 5 to 9 times as high as that of bare magnesium alloys.     

一种控制盐层段井眼闭合率的钻井液密度新公式

针对钻井过程中钻遇的盐层段井眼蠕变缩径问题,利用弹塑性力学理论,蠕变本构方程采用Heard蠕变方程,在平面应变和均匀地应力假设下,推导出控制井眼收缩的钻井液密度新公式,该公式与前人推导的公式不同。通过理论分析,指出产生差异的根本原因在于蠕变应力差(极坐标下表示的径向应力与切向应力之差)公式的推导上,用有限元法计算结果对理论公式进行检验,证明是可行的。对文中的力学模型采用有限元法建模、求解,利用求解结果对各应力差公式进行验证,得出:根据文中公式计算结果与有限元法计算结果完全一致,而据前人公式计算结果偏离有限元计算值较大,从而间接证明了该钻井液密度新公式的推导更严密,更准确。