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991.
Wood has long traditions as a building material, and is often used in construction elements, and as interior and exterior surfaces in the Nordic countries. In most applications, there are reaction to fire requirements to products used as surfaces, e.g. in escape routes and larger public spaces. Most wood products will therefore have to be treated with fire retardant (FR) agents to fulfil the strict requirements to properties connected to heat release and flame spread. Unfortunately, FR agents usually also increase the smoke production, as they cause a more incomplete combustion of the wood. The wood product manufacturers seek to find the optimal amount of FR additives where both heat release and smoke production in the classifying test are within the requirements given in the building regulations. This paper describes models for prediction of the European reaction to fire classes of wood products. The models are based on multivariate statistical analysis, and use test results from the cone calorimeter test as input. The presented models are, with very good precision, able to predict which Euroclass and additional smoke class a wood based product would obtain if it were to be tested in the single burning item test. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
992.
利用FTA方法对脱液机的各种故障进行系统分析,建立了脱液机的故障树,并对故障树进行定性分析.找出了影响脱液机可靠性的主要因素,提出了提高脱液机可靠性的相应措施. 相似文献
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Marcela Brugnach Andrew Tagg Florian Keil Wim J. de Lange 《Water Resources Management》2007,21(7):1075-1090
The use of computer models offers a general and flexible framework that can help to deal with some of the complexities and
difficulties associated with the development of water management plans as prescribed by the Water Framework Directive. However,
despite the advantages modelling presents, the integration of information derived from models into policy is far away from
being trivial or the norm. Part of the difficulties of this integration is rooted in the lack of confidence policy makers
have on the incorporation of modelling information into policy formulation. In this paper we examine the reasons for this
apparent lack of confidence and explore how some tools, presently in use, address this problem. We conclude that public confidence
in models is highly dependent on the way uncertainties are addressed and suggest possible directions of action to improve
the current situation. Four real case studies illustrate how computer models have been used in The Netherlands for carrying
out management plans at regional and national scale. We suggest that the solution to integrate modelling information into
policy formulation lies on both the modelling and the policy-making communities. 相似文献
997.
鄂尔多斯西缘前陆盆地巨厚黄土地区地震采集技术 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
鄂尔多斯西缘前陆盆地表层地质地貌极其复杂,有巨厚黄土区、黄土-沙漠区及山前砾石-黄土区,独特的黄土地貌使得地震采集面临着诸多技术难题。根据以往巨厚黄土地区地震采集经验,采用多种方法系统地开展黄土表层结构精细调查,深入研究黄土地球物理特征及激发因素与表层黄土结构之间的关系,优选激发井位和井深,确保了激发效果;采用小道距、三线小线距、高密度空间采样技术,获得了高信噪比、高分辨率地震资料。研究表明,巨厚黄土地区地震采集时应优选激发井位和岩性,合理选择激发井深;坚持多深井组合激发、单井药量不宜过大总药量要大两项基本原则;采用高密度采样技术,提高采集资料的覆盖次数和信噪比。图10表1参15 相似文献
998.
徐深气田兴城开发区营一段火山岩气藏岩性岩相研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
徐深气田兴城开发区营城组一段火山岩气藏位于松辽盆地北部徐家围子断陷升平-兴城构造带上,储层以酸性火山岩为主,可分为火山熔岩和火山角砾岩两大类。岩相类型有爆发相、溢流相、火山沉积相、火山通道相和侵出相五种类型,其中爆发相和溢流相分布范围广、物性好。是有利的储集相带。根据地震反射参数,从内部反射结构和外部几何形态出发,结合反射同相轴的振幅和连续性,在地震反射剖面上识别出丘状、楔状、亚平行状、柱状和伞状五种地震相类型,这些地震相类型与对应井点处单井相解释结果一致,与岩相类型对应关系明确。在剖面相准确识别的基础上,编制火山岩相平面分布图,为优选建产区块和部署开发井位提供依据。 相似文献
999.
The calculations of gas solubilities in supercritical solvents require equations of state remaining accurate in the critical range, which are difficult to obtain with classical models. In this work, the Helmholtz energy of a mixture is considered as the sum of the Helmholtz energies of pure components taken at a constant packing fraction and of a residual term which may have the form of a RedlichKister, Van Laar, NRTL, UNIQUAC, or UNIFAC function. Thus it is possible to assign to a given component an equation of state whose form is different from that of the others. This model has been applied to binary systems containing supercritical carbon dioxide. The results are improved with respect to those obtained with the classical model for vapor-liquid equilibria and for volumetric properties. 相似文献
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