六种药剂防治向日葵白锈病试验研究

六种药剂防治向日葵白锈病田间药效试验结果表明,25%甲霜灵WP1000倍、50%安克WG2500倍的防效分别为87.6%和86.8%,显著优于64%杀毒矾WP800倍(防效75.7%),而52.5%抑快净WG1000倍、72%霜疫必克WP600倍和80%乙磷铝WP600倍的防效相当,不理想,均未达到50%。经方差分析证明处理间差异达到显著水平。     

15%恶霉灵防治水稻立枯病药效试验

田间试验表明，15％恶霉灵水剂6～8ml／m^2，对水稻立枯病的防效可达82.3％，病指防效可达89.4％，明显好于对照药剂。而且对水稻安全，能够提高秧苗素质。     

High-performance dispersant of coal–water slurry synthesized from wheat straw alkali lignin

Environmental concerns have stimulated interest in utilizing plant-derived materials in various industrial fields. The main objective of the present study was to synthesize a new type of high-performance lignin series dispersant of coal–water slurry (CWS) from wheat straw alkali lignin (WAL), and determine the affecting factors in the reaction and the application performance for CWS preparation. The experimental results showed that the inherent viscosity and the sulfonic group content of the modified wheat straw alkali lignin (MSL) are the key factors affecting its dispersing effect for CWS. In the reaction, the reactant mass concentration and the sulfonating agent amount were changed to obtain the MSL with different inherent viscosities and sulfonic group contents, and the MSL with intermediate inherent viscosity (6.0 ml/g) and higher sulfonic group content (1.80 mmol g^− 1) was found to have excellent dispersing effect for CWS. The MSL obtained from optimized process was used as dispersant for CWS preparation, the studies of the properties of CWS showed that MSL has similar dispersing effect with naphtalenesulfonate–formaldehyde condensate, and far better dispersing effect than lignosulphonate. Recently this kind of new dispersant has been applied in several power plants in China.     

Silica Nanoboxes as New Nano-structured Materials: Their Secondary Synthesis from Alumina-Rich Zeolites

Novel silica nanoboxes were prepared by controlled dealumination of Na-X and Ca-A type zeolites using ammonium hexafluorosilicate (AHFS). The silica-richer the parent zeolite, the smaller the average pore size produced and the narrower the pore size distribution obtained. This was due to the specific reactivity of the extracting agent with the zeolite framework aluminum atoms. High temperature calcination of the dealuminated X-zeolite (ammonium form) resulted in mesoporous materials exhibiting an ink-bottle shape, a quite high surface area (330 m²/g, no micropores), an average pore diameter of 4.5 nm with a quite narrow pore size distribution (± 1.0 nm) and finally, a pore opening diameter of 3.9 nm. The latter was determined by using the nitrogen sorption isotherms (BET technique) and related pore volume data. The sorption behavior also suggested the interconnecting character of the newly created nanoboxes. The periodicity of these nanoboxes throughout the mesoporous material was clearly shown by X-ray powder diffraction at very small angles. These materials, herein called monomodal nanoboxes because of the absence of micropores in the structure, were also thermally stable. Incorporation of orthosilicate into the obtained silica nanoboxes, in accordance with the recently developed technique for pore size engineering in zeolites, led to materials with smaller pore openings but having almost the same textural properties. Solid superacidic materials were prepared by incorporating a liquid superacid (triflic acid or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid) into the silica nanoboxes using the wet impregnation technique. The maximum triflic acid loading which did not significantly affect the mesoporous framework of the materials was 24 wt%. As a reference, the maximum loading of less acidic sulfuric acid was slightly lower. All this showed the high chemical stability of the silica nanoboxes for supporting very acidic species. Temperature-programmed desorption using a combined DTA/TGA system allowed the identification of the bound phases and some liquid phase of the loaded triflic acid.     

硫化镉微晶掺杂玻璃及薄膜的制备与光学性能的研究

用溶胶－凝胶法制备了硫化镉微晶掺杂玻璃和薄膜材料，使用了三种不同的方法引入所需的Ｓ＾２－离子，通过Ｘ射线和透射电镜等实验手段，分析了微晶结构显微相，标定出晶体确为ＣｄＳ，并测得微晶的尺寸。从室温吸收光谱上观察到吸收截止边随着ＣｄＯ掺杂凝胶在１５０℃时通Ｈ２Ｓ气体时间的延长（１－８ｈ）而移向长波方向，从而确定其为量子尺寸效应的实验依据。在Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ强激光光场的作用下，薄膜样品中观察到二次谐波信号，     

吡虫啉防治水稻褐飞虱

吡虫啉对水稻褐飞虱有特效，每亩用１０％可湿性粉剂１０￣１５克，防效９５％左右，持效期４０天以上，显著优于噻嗪酮。适宜施药技术：于褐飞虱主害代前一代初龄若虫高峰期，亩用吡虫啉有效剂量１￣１．５克喷雾。     

防火涂料热降解的测试研究技术

介绍了防火涂料热降解的测试研究技术,并举例说明了这些技术在研究防火涂料热降解过程及机理中的作用,评述了各种测试研究技术的特点,说明采用多种测试技术联用是分析防火涂料热降解的方向。     

防粘釜剂在PVC糊树脂生产中的应用

探索了在PVC糊树脂生产中使用的防粘釜剂技术,以缩短聚合辅助时间。在试验期间,对目前市场上的防粘釜剂进行筛选,并对防粘釜剂喷涂设备、喷涂条件、喷涂方法、喷涂效果以及防粘釜剂的用量等一系列问题进行了研究。结果表明,防粘釜剂的使用,不仅缩短了聚合辅助时间,而且对产品质量没有任何影响。     

Supramolecular π–π assembly of a neutral [Cu(salen)] complex via the templating effect of an ionic inorganic complex Na2[Cu(mnt)2] forming a framework type material having well-defined channels

A classical ionic inorganic complex Na₂[Cu(mnt)₂] (mnt²⁻ = maleonitriledithiolate = 1,2-dicyanoethylenedithiolate), that acts as a template in assembling neutral [Cu(salen)] (salen = bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine) complexes forming a framework type arrangement, is accommodated in the channel formed in the crystal structure of a new type of host–guest compound [Cu(salen)]₄ · Na₂[Cu(mnt)₂] (1). The non-covalent supramolecular interactions among [Cu(salen)] complexes and between [Cu(salen)] and [Cu(mnt)₂]²⁻ complexes in the crystal lattice of 1 result in weak antiferromagnetic coupling.     

Chemical Reaction Engineering and Research and development of gas solid systems

A general procedure is proposed for innovative research and development of gas-solid reactor systems, with a brief explanation of the significance of each step in the procedureBased upon the contacting mode between gas and solid phases, as well as the ways of supplying thermal energy to the reacting regions, various types of gas-solid reactor systems are classified by using tables of so called “matrix” form, for thermal cracking and gasification of heavy oils, gasification of coal, gasification of solid waste, calcination of limestone, clinkering of cement and reduction of iron ore.The importance of fundamental concepts is emphasized for successful research and development by presenting several examples; namely, calcination of limestone, thermal cracking of heavy oils and gasification of solid waste materials.In connection with the direction in which fundamental research should be oriented, four primary ways of thinking are proposed, which can be applied to obtain innovative ideas for further research and development in this field.One example of the author's practical experience was selected to show the role of the fundamental research in the course of large scale development. Finally the author outlines the role of chemical reaction engineering to innovate the novel gas-solid reactor systems which may be inevitable for simultaneous solution of the three big E's; namely, Energy, Environment and Economy.