全文获取类型
收费全文 | 90821篇 |
免费 | 10524篇 |
国内免费 | 5735篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 7923篇 |
综合类 | 7758篇 |
化学工业 | 16266篇 |
金属工艺 | 5798篇 |
机械仪表 | 8571篇 |
建筑科学 | 5833篇 |
矿业工程 | 1733篇 |
能源动力 | 5697篇 |
轻工业 | 2957篇 |
水利工程 | 1349篇 |
石油天然气 | 3417篇 |
武器工业 | 1633篇 |
无线电 | 9599篇 |
一般工业技术 | 11031篇 |
冶金工业 | 2641篇 |
原子能技术 | 1022篇 |
自动化技术 | 13852篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 376篇 |
2023年 | 1478篇 |
2022年 | 2339篇 |
2021年 | 2999篇 |
2020年 | 3225篇 |
2019年 | 2826篇 |
2018年 | 2729篇 |
2017年 | 3461篇 |
2016年 | 3717篇 |
2015年 | 3954篇 |
2014年 | 5518篇 |
2013年 | 5876篇 |
2012年 | 6316篇 |
2011年 | 7012篇 |
2010年 | 5085篇 |
2009年 | 5468篇 |
2008年 | 5078篇 |
2007年 | 6233篇 |
2006年 | 5601篇 |
2005年 | 4588篇 |
2004年 | 3868篇 |
2003年 | 3300篇 |
2002年 | 2795篇 |
2001年 | 2372篇 |
2000年 | 2061篇 |
1999年 | 1539篇 |
1998年 | 1254篇 |
1997年 | 1111篇 |
1996年 | 900篇 |
1995年 | 724篇 |
1994年 | 586篇 |
1993年 | 485篇 |
1992年 | 429篇 |
1991年 | 361篇 |
1990年 | 291篇 |
1989年 | 268篇 |
1988年 | 183篇 |
1987年 | 106篇 |
1986年 | 92篇 |
1985年 | 96篇 |
1984年 | 87篇 |
1983年 | 56篇 |
1982年 | 62篇 |
1981年 | 40篇 |
1980年 | 31篇 |
1979年 | 13篇 |
1977年 | 17篇 |
1975年 | 8篇 |
1959年 | 10篇 |
1951年 | 14篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 203 毫秒
11.
Makoto Yamaguchi 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2021,138(14):50172
Perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer membranes have been widely used as proton conducting membranes in various electrochemical processes such as polymer electrolyte fuel cells and water electrolysis. While their thermal stability has been studied by thermogravimetry and analysis of low molecular weight products, their decomposition mechanism is little understood. In this study a newly developed methodology of thermal desorption and pyrolysis in combination with direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry is applied for Nafion membrane. An ambient ionization source and a high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer enabled unambiguous assignment of gaseous products. Thermal decomposition is initiated by side chain detachment above 350°C, which leaves carbonyls on the main chain at the locations of the side chains. Perfluoroalkanes are released above 400°C by main chain scission and their further decomposition products dominate above 500 °C. DFT calculation of reaction energies and barrier heights of model compounds support proposed decomposition reactions. 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
Thomas R. Savage Fernando Almeida-Trasvina Ehecatl A. del-Rio Chanona Robin Smith Dondga Zhang 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2021,67(11):e17358
With liquefied natural gas becoming increasingly prevalent as a flexible source of energy, the design and optimization of industrial refrigeration cycles becomes even more important. In this article, we propose an integrated surrogate modeling and optimization framework to model and optimize the complex CryoMan Cascade refrigeration cycle. Dimensionality reduction techniques are used to reduce the large number of process decision variables which are subsequently supplied to an array of Gaussian processes, modeling both the process objective as well as feasibility constraints. Through iterative resampling of the rigorous model, this data-driven surrogate is continually refined and subsequently optimized. This approach was not only able to improve on the results of directly optimizing the process flow sheet but also located the set of optimal operating conditions in only 2 h as opposed to the original 3 weeks, facilitating its use in the operational optimization and enhanced process design of large-scale industrial chemical systems. 相似文献
15.
Aniruddha Nag Mohammed Asif Ali Jiabei Zhou Makoto Ogawa Tatsuo Kaneko 《大分子材料与工程》2021,306(11):2100459
Aromatic and functional polymers with processibility derived from biobased starting materials are prerequisite considering sustainable society. Poly(2,5-benzimidazole)s are rigid-rod polymers to show ultrahigh thermal stability such as flame retardance, while usually suffer from poor solubility. Here, poly(benzimidazole-co-amide)s are synthesized from two biobased monomers, 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid and a semirigid comonomer, 4-aminohydrocinnamic acid. The copolymers with an amide composition of 80 mol% and higher are soluble in widely used polar solvents to fabricate the films keeping high flame retardance, which is comparable with popular high-performance polymers such as aromatic polyimides, polyetheretherketone, polyphenylene sulfide, etc. 相似文献
16.
Lindsey Yue Alicia Bayon Wojciech Lipiński 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2021,67(8):e17267
The effects of particle size and carbon dioxide concentration on chemical conversion in engineered spherical particles undergoing calcium oxide looping are investigated. Particles are thermochemically cycled in a furnace under different carbon dioxide concentrations. Changes in composition due to chemical reactions are measured using thermogravimetric analysis. Gas composition at the furnace exit is evaluated with mass spectroscopy. A numerical model of thermal transport phenomena developed previously is adapted to match the physical system investigated in the present study. The model is used to elucidate effects of reacting medium characteristics on particle temperature and reaction extent. Experimental and numerical results show that (1) an increase in particle size results in a decrease in carbonation extent, and (2) the carbonation step consists of fast and slow reaction regimes. The reaction rates in the fast and slow carbonation regimes increase with increasing carbon dioxide concentration. The effect of carbon dioxide concentration and the distinction between the fast and slow regimes become more pronounced with increasing particle size. 相似文献
17.
Colleen Varaidzo Manyumwa
zlem Tastan Bishop 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(6)
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) have been identified as ideal catalysts for CO2 sequestration. Here, we report the sequence and structural analyses as well as the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of four γ-CAs from thermophilic bacteria. Three of these, Persephonella marina, Persephonella hydrogeniphila, and Thermosulfidibacter takaii originate from hydrothermal vents and one, Thermus thermophilus HB8, from hot springs. Protein sequences were retrieved and aligned with previously characterized γ-CAs, revealing differences in the catalytic pocket residues. Further analysis of the structures following homology modeling revealed a hydrophobic patch in the catalytic pocket, presumed important for CO2 binding. Monitoring of proton shuttling residue His69 (P. marina γ-CA numbering) during MD simulations of P. hydrogeniphila and P. marina’s γ-CAs (γ-PhCA and γ-PmCA), showed a different behavior to that observed in the γ-CA of Escherichia coli, which periodically coordinates Zn2+. This work also involved the search for hotspot residues that contribute to interface stability. Some of these residues were further identified as key in protein communication via betweenness centrality metric of dynamic residue network analysis. T. takaii’s γ-CA showed marginally lower thermostability compared to the other three γ-CA proteins with an increase in conformations visited at high temperatures being observed. Hydrogen bond analysis revealed important interactions, some unique and others common in all γ-CAs, which contribute to interface formation and thermostability. The seemingly thermostable γ-CA from T. thermophilus strangely showed increased unsynchronized residue motions at 423 K. γ-PhCA and γ-PmCA were, however, preliminarily considered suitable as prospective thermostable CO2 sequestration agents. 相似文献
18.
华治国 《混凝土与水泥制品》2020,(6):70-72
选择了几份典型的外墙外保温系统标准,通过对这几份标准中胶粘剂和抹面胶浆的成型和检测方法的比较,分析了现有检测技术的优劣,并结合工作实践提出了建议。 相似文献
19.
Indoor surfaces may be adsorptive sinks with the potential to change Indoor Air Quality. To estimate this effect, the sorption parameters of formaldehyde and toluene were assessed on five floorings by an experimental method using solid-phase microextraction in an airtight emission cell. Adsorption rate constants ranged from 0.003 to 0.075 m·h−1, desorption rate constants from 0.019 to 0.51 h−1, and the partition coefficient from 0.005 to 3.9 m, and these parameters vary greatly from one volatile organic compound/material couple to another indicating contrasted sorption behaviors. A rubber was identified as a sink of formaldehyde characterized by a very low desorption constant close to 0. For these sorbent floorings identified, the adsorption rates of formaldehyde are from 2 to 4 times higher than those of toluene. Two models were used to evaluate the sink effects of floorings on indoor pollutant concentrations in one room from different realistic conditions. The scenarios tested came to the conclusion that the formaldehyde sorption on one rubber (identified as a sink) has a maximum contribution from 15% to 21% for the conditions of low air exchange rate. For other floorings, the sorption has a minor contribution less than or equal to 5%, regardless of the air exchange rate. 相似文献
20.
In this work, the longitudinal permeability of squarely packed dual-scale fiber preforms is studied theoretically. These fiber preforms are composed of aligned porous tows and the tows are tightly packed. The effective permeability is calculated as a parallel-like network of intra-tow permeability and inter-tow permeability, which are quantified by Darcy’s law and the inscribed radius between tows, respectively. The jump velocity at the interface between inter-tow fluids and porous tows is considered, as derived by substituting Beavers and Joseph’s correlation into Brinkman’s equation. We further examine the effects of intra-tow permeability on the effective permeability of the fibrous system with three interface conditions: (1) interface velocity = 0, (2) interface velocity = mean intra-tow velocity, and (3) interface velocity = jump velocity. The jump-velocity-based model is found to be closest to numerical data. The influence of the fiber volume fraction of tows on the effective permeability is also analyzed. 相似文献