Correlation of the transport properties of simple fluids at low temperatures and high pressures based on the generalized Eucken relation and the molecular dynamics of hard sphere fluid

A generalized correlation is developed for the viscosity and thermal conductivity of isotropic fluids under high pressures (up to 200 MPa) and low temperatures (down to 85 K). Two known observations have been taken into consideration in the development of the correlation. First, the Alder correction factors for the Enskog theory values of transport coefficients obtained from molecular dynamics simulations for hard sphere fluids are incorporated. The inclusion of these corrections in the theory makes it possible to describe correctly the density dependence of the hard sphere viscosity and thermal conductivity at high pressures. The hydrodynamic cage effect, which is manifested in the molecular motions of dense fluid systems, is thus correctly accounted for. Second, the generalized Eucken relation, which relates the thermal conductivity to the viscosity, is incorporated. As a consequence, an internally consistent correlation is obtained, which can adequately predict the behavior of the thermal conductivity from given values of viscosity. Tests on simple fluids, such as argon, krypton, etc., show that the correlation is valid within a few percent for the entire fluid range where experimental data are available for comparison, and also along the vapor-liquid saturation line, with the exclusion of the critical region. Furthermore, since the variables appearing in the theory are in reduced form, a corresponding states correlation is established for isotropic fluids.     

An improved correlation for the calculation of liquid thermal conductivity

Eighteen correlations appearing in the literature for the prediction of thermal conductivity, , of liquids are critically analyzed, and their reliability is checked using coherent input data and selected experimental values. The best results are obtained using the Reid, Sherwood, and Prausnitz correlation with a mean deviation of about 8% between predicted and experimental values. An improved correlation is proposed starting from the Viswanath equation, chosen because of its simplicity and convenience. The values of thermal conductivity obtained by this new correlation agree with the experimental values within 1%.     

浅析石灰窑热工过程的控制

要提高石灰窑的生产能力、实现优质高产稳产和低消耗的前提条件是保持窑内稳定的热工过程，而这—过程的实现应从燃烧温度(控制在1050--1150℃)、石灰石的粒度(75—150mm)和形状、煤的粒度(20--40mm)鼓风机的风量风压及出加料方式等方面进行严格控制。     

氯氧镁水泥固化过程的热效应及影响因素的研究

本文测定了氯氧镁水泥固化过程的水化热，并系统研究了ＭｇＯ的制备温度和细度，浆体的配合比例和拌和方法以及外掺剂等对其水化放热速率和早期放热量的影响。     

Thermal conductivity measurements and molecular association in a series of alcohol vapors: Methanol,ethanol, isopropanol,and t-butanol

Thermal conductivity measurements on the vapors of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and t-butanol are reported as a function of temperature (330–420 K) and pressure (11–240 kPa). The thermal conductivity versus pressure isotherms for all four alcohols exhibit upward curvatures at the lower temperatures and nearly linear increases at higher temperatures. This behavior is indicative of a dimeric species and one or more polymeric clusters in the vapor in addition to the monomer. Quantum mechanical calculations have indicated that tetramers are the most likely polymeric species. Detailed analyses of the data provide thermodynamic data (H,S) for the dimerization and tetramerization reactions and show interesting correlations with the size of the monomer unit.     

利用铝矾土制备钛酸铝陶瓷

钛酸铝陶瓷是集低膨胀系数和高熔点为一体的新型陶瓷材料,传统钛酸铝的合成采用工业纯的氧化铝和二氧化钛为原料,生产成本较高。本文采用廉价的高铝矾土取代Al2O3制备钛酸铝陶瓷,实验分别取了三种铝钛比,通过性能测试,确定Al2O3:TiO2=1:0.90可制得综合性能较佳的Al2TiO5陶瓷,此时α=2.05×10-6℃-1,抗折强度σ=35Mpa,热震稳定性达到32次。     

玻璃幕墙传热系数计算方法及工程应用

在研究玻璃幕墙热传递特点的基础上,基于一维稳态热传导理论,以中空玻璃为例建立了玻璃系统传热系数计算模型;基于二维稳态热传导理论和有限单元法,采用三节点三角形单元对二维温度场进行了离散,推导了单元热传导矩阵和温度载荷列阵,并推导了热对流、热流密度、辐射以及各种边界条件耦合作用下对单元热传导矩阵和温度载荷列阵的修正公式,建立了玻璃幕墙框及附加线传热系数计算模型。利用Visual C++和ObjectARX对AutoCAD进行了二次开发,研发了玻璃幕墙传热系数计算软件TJCW,并通过算例与LBNL系列软件计算结果进行比较,验证了所编软件的正确性和有效性。最后对某工程实例中玻璃幕墙传热系数进行了节能验算。研究结果表明:建立的传热系数计算模型能够正确的计算玻璃幕墙传热系数,基于该计算模型开发出的软件能够应用于实际工程的节能分析和计算中。     

城市居住区室外热环境的分析方法

针对建筑室外热环境模拟研究中对物理模型过于简化的问题,提出了一种基于数字图像分析的室外热环境模拟方法,实现了图像处理技术与数学模型的结合,有效地分析了室外热环境分布情况,并在测试结果和模拟结果的对比分析中得到证实,研究结果为室外热环境的研究方法提供了新的参考。     

百叶型太阳能集热墙集热效率实验研究

提出建立了在现有Trombe墙的空气夹层中悬挂百叶窗帘的百叶型太阳能集热墙,搭建了带有百叶型集热墙的可对比热箱实验平台,对百叶型集热墙的集热效率进行了测试和分析,实验结果显示,在冬季时,百叶型集热墙的瞬时集热效率最高能达41％,平均集热效率在30％左右,该研究表明新型百叶型集热墙能显著的提高室内环境温度,改善室内热环境,降低室内制热负荷.     

高纬度地区渠道无冰盖输水的冰情控制研究

中国北方高纬度地区有一些渠道工程,因其建设年代早,受规划之初经济条件限制,未考虑冰期运行,仅在非冰期输水。随着经济发展,目前亟需实现冬季输水。但是受结构上的限制,这些渠道抗冰冻能力差,无法采取冰盖下输水或冰水二相流输水,通过加设保温盖板,防止渠道结冰,既可解决用水矛盾,又可节省工程改造投资,具有巨大的经济效益和社会效益。本研究根据传热学理论对加设保温盖板后的渠道水体失温过程进行理论分析,并在此基础上建立了设置保温盖板的一维渠道冰期输水数学模型,对加设保温盖板的冰期输水过程进行了模拟,分析了保温材料厚度、输水流量、出库水温等对冰期输水的影响,论证渠道冬季加设保温盖板输水的可行性。并提出了切实可行的冬季输水方案。研究成果对于冰期渠道安全输水和渠道改造都有一定的借鉴意义。