基于机器视觉的加工刀具磨损监测方法

为了对加工过程中刀具的磨损状态进行监测,针对麻花钻的磨损形式,提出基于机器视觉的加工刀具磨损监测方法. 根据磨损刀具图像的灰度分布特点,提出基于积分图加速和Turky bi-weight核函数的非局部均值去噪方法;采用单、双阈值大津法获取磨损区域的灰度区间,实现对图像的自适应对比度增强;提出基于形态学重构方法的磨损区域局部极值点提取方法,有效完成对磨损区域的检测和边界提取. 该刀具磨损检测方法成功应用于麻花钻头磨损状态的监测过程,实验结果表明,相较于目前已有的机器视觉监测方法,所提出的方法具有更高的检测精度和效率,准确地提取磨损轮廓,从而有效实现对刀具磨损状态的监测和自动化监控加工过程,达到降低人工成本和产品不合格率的目的.     

高温混合障碍空间中的移动机器人路径规划

为了解决高温场景中移动机器人全局路径规划所面临的安全与效率问题,提出高温热源虚拟障碍的定义,建立混合障碍空间模型,将高温场景中的路径规划问题转化为高温混合障碍空间中考虑路径温度代价和长度代价的多目标优化问题. 改进NSGA-Ⅱ算法,通过选取优秀非可行解扩展种群,提高了种群多样性和进化效率,提出新的交叉和变异概率计算方法. 根据种群进化进程和个体代价函数值调整概率,实现了种群前期搜索能力和后期收敛性的平衡. 仿真所得的最优路径结果表明,该改进算法的路径长度代价虽然比原算法和其他改进算法略有增加,但温度代价大幅降低,更有效地避免了陷入局部最优.     

密集观测场景下的敏捷成像卫星任务规划方法

针对密集观测场景下敏捷成像卫星任务规划问题求解空间大、输入任务序列较长的特点,综合考虑时间窗口约束、任务转移时卫星姿态调整时间、存储约束和电量约束,对敏捷成像卫星任务规划问题进行建模. 提出融合IndRNN和Pointer Networks的算法模型（Ind-PN）对敏捷成像卫星任务规划问题进行求解,使用多层的IndRNN结构作为算法模型的解码器. 基于Pointer Networks机制对输入任务序列进行选择,使用Mask向量考虑敏捷成像卫星任务规划问题中的各类约束. 基于Actor Critic强化学习算法对算法模型进行训练,以获得最大的观测收益率. 实验结果表明,对于密集观测场景下的任务规划,Ind-PN算法的收敛速度更快,可以获得更高的观测收益率.     

基于行车轨迹通信算法

随着城市中汽车数量的大增,汽车与汽车之间的通信系统显得尤为重要。因此互联网在行车过程中起到了重要的作用,其中的车载网便扮演着物物通信的功能。本文提出行车过程中复杂特性的分发算法,首先对多个城市中的汽车进行汽车行动路线的统计与分析,其中包含了通信车辆之间的距离、所连车辆的数量分布以及聚集指标,从结论分析得到车与车之间联系的数量呈现一定的指数分布;并且在小范围内,聚集指标比较高。根据上述特性分,推算出一种车辆行进轨迹数据的分发算法,以便于进行车辆与车辆的实时通信,这样就能大大提高车辆行驶的有效性和降低车祸之间的发生。     

Pathways to eliminate carbon emissions via renewable energy investments at higher education institutions

Higher education institutions are among the many public and private sector entities that have committed to long-term sustainability goals in response to the threat of climate change. A key challenge for these institutions is establishing a commitment to make targeted investments in renewable energy technologies in support of emissions reduction goals. Such strategies require a vision to simultaneously coordinate strategic investments in renewable energy technologies with tactical operational decisions to achieve the desired benefits. In this paper, we formulate and solve a least-cost renewable energy capacity investment planning model to determine pathways to achieve emissions reduction strategies. Specifically, we apply our model to Rutgers University to evaluate its target of 100 % carbon neutrality. Using these insights, we share recommendations on how these strategies can be executed. This research serves as a springboard for administrators to assess and deploy their emissions reduction strategies, while ensuring system and financial constraints are satisfied.     

一种限制搜索区域的多比例尺最优路径规划算法*

针对现有大区域范围路径规划算法存在的一些问题,提出一种限制搜索区域的多比例尺最优路径规划算法。该算法在进行路径规划时,一方面根据路网的多比例尺信息对路网进行分级,另一方面对搜索区域进行合理限制。测试实验表明此算法可以提高路径规划的效率。     

基于操纵平稳性的液压挖掘机轨迹规划方法

以既能达到良好的轨迹规划精度,又有优良的操纵平稳性为目标,提出了一种挖掘机器人的智能轨迹规划方法.以挖掘姿态角为优化变量;油缸进程和加速度梯度为双目标;位置盲角和最佳切削范围为约束建立优化数学模型,采用遗传算法寻找最优值.对3种规划策略：被动修正法、主动调整法和智能规划法进行了行程和速度梯度对比,结果表明,采用优化规划方法可以大幅减少液压系统冲击和振动,使挖掘机操纵更加平稳.     

Microstructural evidence for short-circuit oxygen diffusion paths in the oxidation of a dilute Ni-Cr alloy

A comparative study of high-temperature oxidation of Ni containing 1 at.% Cr and pure Ni was carried out. Instead of the conventional kinetics study using thermogravimetry, a microlithographic marker experiment was designed. Observation of the markers using cross-sectional TEM and SEM has revealed striking differences in the scale morphology, microstructures, and oxidation mechanisms between pure Ni and the Cr-doped Ni substrates. In particular, the results suggest that a small addition of Cr promotes significant inward transport of oxygen. Marker experiments revealed that NiO grown on pure Ni is wholly attributable to outward-cation diffusion. In contrast, NiO grown on Ni–1 at.% Cr exhibited formation of a substantial inner layer having a submicron grain size, established by the markers to have formed from oxygen ingress. For pure Ni, voids were observed to be distributed only within oxide grains. In contrast, for Ni containing 1 at.% Cr, elongated pores formed extensively along oxide-grain boundaries. Formation of new fine-grain oxide in these pores was observed to have sometimes completely resealed the void. It is, therefore, proposed that the transport of oxygen in the case of oxide scale grown on Ni–1 at.% Cr occurs via voids (pores) formed by vacancy coalescence at the grain boundaries.     

基于FANUC数控系统实现刀具寿命管理

文章结合HARDINGE数控车床实例，介绍了如何利用FANUC18T数控系统中提供的计数器跟踪刀具加工的次数，通过新增一个刀具寿命管理功能模块的PMC子程序，为用户提供一个友好、可视、便捷的刀具寿命管理功能。对今后类似的设备功能设计和改进都具有实际的指导意义和参考价值。     

用圆柱铣刀加工带冠弯扭叶片

本文把微分几何中曲线与曲面之间的“切触”概念应用于叶片复杂曲面的数控加工，提出用圆柱铣刀的外圆在五坐标联动中加工小曲率曲面的最佳切触条件。