Improvements in data reduction in direct pulse heating calorimetry

This paper describes improvements introduced in data reduction in direct heating pulse specific heat experiments. In calculations of specific heat, it is necessary to calculate the first derivative of the recorded temperature data as a function of time. The error induced by different numerical differentiation techniques can represent a significant part of the overall measurement error. Thus, different digital filtering techniques, differentiation, and smoothing algorithms were applied and tested to examine their influence on the minimization of errors induced by noise, which is unavoidable in measured signals. A minimum square error criterion was applied in designing digital filters, with arbitrary prescribed magnitude characteristics. Attention was paid to applications when one or more structural phase transitions in the specimen material occur within the temperature range covered by the experiment. The cases where the frequency spectrum of induced noise overlaps with the spectrum of temperature transient signals originating from phase transitions were analyzed in detail. The effectiveness of the methods of extracting the final specific heat data from a noisy signal using different digital filtering techniques is demonstrated.Paper presented at the Fourth International Workshop on Subsecond Thermophysics, June 27–29, 1995, Köln, Germany.     

Melting and Vaporization of the 1223 Phase in the System (Tl-Pb-Ba-Sr-Ca-Cu-O)

The melting and vaporization of the 1223 [(Tl,Pb):(Ba,Sr):Ca:Cu] oxide phase in the system (Tl-Pb-Ba-Sr-Ca-Cu-O) have been investigated using a combination of dynamic methods (differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetry, effusion) and post-quenching characterization techniques (powder x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry). Vaporization rates, thermal events, and melt compositions were followed as a function of thallia loss from a 1223 stoichiometry. Melting and vaporization equilibria of the 1223 phase are complex, with as many as seven phases participating simultaneously. At a total pressure of 0.1 MPa the 1223 phase was found to melt completely at (980 ± 5) °C in oxygen, at a thallia partial pressure (p_Tl2O) of (4.6 ± 0.5) kPa, where the quoted uncertainties are standard uncertainties, i.e., 1 estimated standard deviation. The melting reaction involves five other solids and a liquid, nominally as follows: 1223→1212+(Ca,Sr)2CuO3+(Sr,Ca)CuO2+BaPbO3+(Ca,Sr)O+LiquidStoichiometries of the participating phases have been determined from microchemical analysis, and substantial elemental substitution on the 1212 and 1223 crystallographic sites is indicated. The 1223 phase occurs in equilibrium with liquids from its melting point down to at least 935 °C. The composition of the lowest melting liquid detected for the bulk compositions of this study has been measured using microchemical analysis. Applications to the processing of superconducting wires and tapes are discussed.     

极薄煤层综采技术的研究与应用

介绍了我国极薄煤层采煤技术的现状,指出现有的综采设备不适用于极薄煤层开采;介绍了适合极薄煤层综采的新型采煤机、液压支架、刮板运输机的结构、性能特点,提出了极薄煤层综采工艺。实践表明,该新型极薄煤层综采装备与综采工艺有效提高了采煤效率,创造了很好的经济效益,但还需进一步研究爬底式采煤机滚筒可调高技术、如何减少端头开缺口的工作量以及极薄煤层工作面的自动化技术。     

综采工作面压力实时监测系统的应用

以羊场湾煤矿120204综采工作面为例,介绍了一种工作面压力实时监测系统的设计。该系统根据压力监测单元采集的各支架前柱、后柱、前梁压力参数,由地面主机中的分析软件给出量化分析结果,即支架前后柱及前梁压力变化、支架立柱的工作特性、支架立柱循环阻力的频率分布、顶板压力分布;并可根据支架立柱的工作特性分析结果分析支架压力变化与顶煤破碎效果之间的关系,从而为提高放顶煤效率提供依据。实际应用表明,该系统功能完善,能有效地反映工作面压力变化的全过程。     

煤与瓦斯突出联网系统的应用研究

介绍了煤与瓦斯突出联网系统的总体结构和联网数据的形成。该系统通过分析和计算各矿井的煤质结构、地压活动范围和瓦斯倍率的密切关系,得出判断煤与瓦斯突出事故的综合分析指标,以预测与防治事故的发生。实际应用表明,该系统实现了对煤与瓦斯突出的预测功能。     

TE151A液压站在矿井提升机中的应用及维护

介绍了矿井提升机TE151A液压站的组成及工作原理;阐述了TE151A液压站的日常维护及保养方法;针对TE151A液压站常见的故障现象,分析了可能的故障原因,并提出了相应的解决措施。文章对TE151A液压站操作及维护人员有一定的借鉴作用。     

基于角度不变的线阵推扫式CCD相机几何畸变在轨检校方法

对航天遥感相机进行在轨检校,是提高卫星产品质量,扩大产品应用效果的重要技术内容.文中研究了一种基于角度不变的线阵推扫式CCD相机几何畸变在轨检校方法.该方法利用相机外方元素对于相机视向量夹角角度影响比较小的原理,根据地面控制点和一级产品图像,求解相机视向量夹角,从中提取相机光学部件的畸变模型参数,从而实现相机内外方元素解耦.相机畸变模型采用一维3阶多项式,对焦距和主点等引起的低阶误差能够很好地吸收.该方法用在HJ-1A/B卫星的宽幅盖CCD相机几何畸变校正上,检校误差残留在2—6个像元,和参考数据精度相似,表明取得了很好的校正效果.     

Does intense time pressure at work make older employees more vulnerable? A statistical analysis based on a French survey “SVP50”

Two general trends, the tightening of time constraints and the ageing of the working population, are likely to raise sensitive problems implying adjustment of both work and workers' characteristics. The statistical studies presented in this paper, referring to a French inter-professional survey conducted on health and work after fifty (11 213 employees), aim at verifying this assumption. The analyses presented are divided in four sub-questions: have part of employees over fifty been removed from time pressure situations? Is time pressure difficult to deal with for older workers (from their point of view)? Does intense time pressure imply increased prevalence of certain health disorders among senior employees? Does pressure increase the desire to end one's professional life early? The results show that intense time pressure raises serious problems for most of the employees in their fifties who are exposed to them. 80% consider this constraint to be “difficult”. They systematically show more frequent rates for most types of physical or psychological health disorders. “Sheltering from the job”, which implies being shifted from work “under pressure” to a job “without pressure”, is not uncommon but only solves a minority of situations. Lastly, the option of earlier retirement is not particularly developed in age group in its fifties working “under pressure”.     

Robust metric calibration of non-linear camera lens distortion

Camera lens distortion is crucial to obtain the best performance cameral model. Up to now, different techniques exist, which try to minimize the calibration error using different lens distortion models or computing them in different ways. Some compute lens distortion camera parameters in the camera calibration process together with the intrinsic and extrinsic ones. Others isolate the lens distortion calibration without using any template and basing the calibration on the deformation in the image of some features of the objects in the scene, like straight lines or circles. These lens distortion techniques which do not use any calibration template can be unstable if a complete camera lens distortion model is computed. They are named non-metric calibration or self-calibration methods.Traditionally a camera has been always best calibrated if metric calibration is done instead of self-calibration. This paper proposes a metric calibration technique which computes the camera lens distortion isolated from the camera calibration process under stable conditions, independently of the computed lens distortion model or the number of parameters. To make it easier to resolve, this metric technique uses the same calibration template that will be used afterwards for the calibration process. Therefore, the best performance of the camera lens distortion calibration process is achieved, which is transferred directly to the camera calibration process.     

Weighted and extended total variation for image restoration and decomposition

In various information processing tasks obtaining regularized versions of a noisy or corrupted image data is often a prerequisite for successful use of classical image analysis algorithms. Image restoration and decomposition methods need to be robust if they are to be useful in practice. In particular, this property has to be verified in engineering and scientific applications. By robustness, we mean that the performance of an algorithm should not be affected significantly by small deviations from the assumed model. In image processing, total variation (TV) is a powerful tool to increase robustness. In this paper, we define several concepts that are useful in robust restoration and robust decomposition. We propose two extended total variation models, weighted total variation (WTV) and extended total variation (ETV). We state generic approaches. The idea is to replace the TV penalty term with more general terms. The motivation is to increase the robustness of ROF (Rudin, Osher, Fatemi) model and to prevent the staircasing effect due to this method. Moreover, rewriting the non-convex sublinear regularizing terms as WTV, we provide a new approach to perform minimization via the well-known Chambolle's algorithm. The implementation is then more straightforward than the half-quadratic algorithm. The behavior of image decomposition methods is also a challenging problem, which is closely related to anisotropic diffusion. ETV leads to an anisotropic decomposition close to edges improving the robustness. It allows to respect desired geometric properties during the restoration, and to control more precisely the regularization process. We also discuss why compression algorithms can be an objective method to evaluate the image decomposition quality.