防范路由劫持的协同监测方法

路由劫持是当前Internet域间路由系统（BGP）所面临的最严重的安全威胁之一,但目前仍缺乏有效的防护手段.将自治系统（autonomous system,简称AS）基于BGP路由信息自我发现路由劫持的概率定义为对路由劫持的免疫能力,对该免疫能力进行了建模,并给出了AS自我免疫的充分条件和必要条件以及该免疫能力的上界.实验结果发现,80%以上的AS对路由劫持完全没有免疫能力,仅不超过0.26%的AS具有大于85%的免疫能力.对AS免疫过程的进一步分析,揭示了造成AS免疫能力低下的提供商栅栏现象——提供商优先选择客户路由,从而阻止了劫持路由向被劫持者的传播.为了克服提供商栅栏,提高AS的免疫能力,设计了协同监测机制,并提出了一种计算复杂度较低的启发式协同邻居选取策略.该机制无需修改BGP协议,可增量部署.实验结果表明,仅与25个自治系统进行协同,就可以将对路由劫持的免疫能力提高到高于95%的水平.     

纳米LDH在PE热封膜中的应用研究

将纳米LDH有机化改性后,与PE进行插层复合,制得复合材料,经挤出吹塑制备纳米复合热封膜,并对其阻隔性及热封性进行测试。结果表明:纳米LDH提高了热封膜对氧气和有机溶剂的阻隔性,并且其用量约3%时,达到最大;同时还提高了热封膜的热封温度;而对水蒸气的阻隔性及热封强度则略有降低。要提高纳米复合封膜的热封强度可适当提高热封温度。     

油价临界点理论、方法及应用初探

提出油价临界点概念,解决如何在波动油价下,选择具有一定规模的石油项目.通过油价临界点的应用,石油公司能够准确判断石油项目的投资机会,科学调整石油项目的经营规模,合理把握国际油价波动的影响,为提高项目抗风险能力提供科学依据.     

两种溃坝模型在唐家山堰塞湖溃决模拟中的对比

基于唐家山堰塞坝溃决的实测数据,使用BREACH模型及中国水科院DB-IWHR模型,对唐家山堰塞坝溃决过程进行了反演分析,并对两种模型进行参数敏感性分析。研究结果表明:使用针对唐家山的参数,两种模型均可较好地反演唐家山溃决洪水的过程,BREACH模型的下游坡比和孔隙率是对结果影响比较敏感的输入参数;DB-IWHR模型在冲刷参数和下游水深计算两方面做了改善,较好地解决了这一问题;DB-IWHR提供了一个Excel格式的计算软件,数值分析稳定性好,使用简洁客观,可供类似堰塞湖应急处置时参考。     

Three stage trade credit policy in a three-layer supply chain–a production-inventory model

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the optimal replenishment lot size of supplier and optimal production rate of manufacturer under three levels of trade credit policy for supplier–manufacturer–retailer supply chain. The supplier provides a fixed credit period to settle the accounts to the manufacturer, while the manufacturer gives a fixed credit period to settle the account to the retailer and the retailer, in turn, also offers a credit period to each of its customers to settle the accounts. We assume that the supplier supplies the raw material to the manufacturer and sends back the defective raw materials to the outside supplier after completion of inspection at one lot with a sales price. The system always produces good items in the model. Also, we consider the idle times of supplier and manufacturer. Finally, numerical examples are provided to illustrate the behaviour and application of the model with graphical simulation.     

Phase evolution and thermophysical properties of high-entropy RE2(Y0.2Yb0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2Ce0.2)2O7 oxides

Pursuing novel thermal barrier–coating materials with lower thermal conductivity and high-temperature stability can simultaneously improve the working efficiency and service temperature of a gas turbine. In this study, a series of high-entropy RE₂(Y_0.2Yb_0.2Nb_0.2Ta_0.2Ce_0.2)₂O₇ (RE = La, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, and Er) oxides were prepared though solid-state reaction. Through tuning the rare-earth cations, an order–disorder transition occurs from certain partially ordered weberite structure (C222₁) to disordered defective fluorite structure (Fm$\overline{3}$m). All the high-entropy RE₂(Y_0.2Yb_0.2Nb_0.2Ta_0.2Ce_0.2)₂O₇ oxides possess low thermal conductivity in the range of 0.91–1.34 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ at room temperature, which can be attributed to increased lattice anharmonicity and disorder, resulting in additional phonon scattering. Herein, we proved that the incorporation of heterovalent cations at B-sites in high-entropy A₂B₂O₇ crystals is an effective strategy to reduce the thermal conductivity without compromising the decrease of oxygen vacancy. Moreover, the high-entropy RE₂(Y_0.2Yb_0.2Nb_0.2Ta_0.2Ce_0.2)₂O₇ oxides show the relatively higher thermal expansion coefficients of 10.3–10.7 × 10⁻⁶°C⁻¹ and excellent phase stability at elevated temperatures.     

Immobilization of biologically active species on PA‐6 foils treated by a dielectric barrier discharge

In the field of biomaterials and biomedical devices, surface activation has been focused on creating functional groups capable of preferential adsorption of biologically active species (proteins, enzymes, cells, drugs, etc.). In this way an interface can be created between the synthetic material and the biological medium, with the aim of increasing the compatibility of the implant with the human organism. In our experiments a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), in helium at atmospheric pressure, was used as the source of energy capable of creating active centers that render the functionalized surface favorable to immobilization of biological molecules. Retention of immunoglobulin (IgG) and heparin biomolecules on polyamide‐6 (PA‐6) surfaces after treatment by the DBD was analyzed by atomic force microscopy, adhesion evaluation, and measurement of the contact angle titration in order to assess this incorporation on the treated surfaces. The marked adsorption of the biomolecules on the active sites created by DBD on the exposed surfaces also was related to a complex set of processes, such as enhanced roughness, increased surface wettability, and modified distribution of cationic and anionic groups on the treated surfaces. All these factors could promote interfacial interactions between the specific groups of the biomolecules existing in the biological medium and the type of cationic and/or anionic groups present on the surface. The efficiency of the DBD treatment showed that the DBD technique is useful for preactivation of the polymer surface for immobilization of other biologically active species (such as drugs and enzymes). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1985–1990, 2003     

2002年世界化学工业

2002年世界经济开始缓慢恢复,带动化学工业出现微增势头。全球化工销售额为18470亿欧元,比2001年增长0.48％。欧盟、美国和亚洲的化工销售额分别占全球销售额的28.6％、26.4％和29.6％。中国和日本的化工销售额分别占全球销售额的6.8％和11.0％。2002年世界五大化工生产国为美国、日本、德国、中国和法国,美国化工生产指数降低0.1％,英国降低0.8％,日本、意大利、德国、西班牙、加拿大和荷兰分别增长0.1％、10.3％、2.9％、3.0％、5.4％和6.0％。     

战略资源整合与IT企业对外投资区位选择

近几年我国的IT企业发展迅速。该文基于战略资源整合理论,从动态的角度对IT企业对外投资的区位选择进行分析。将企业对外投资的区位选择与企业自身所具有的战略资源、投资动机结合起来分析,建立区位优势评价模型,通过主客观赋权法得出区位优势评价模型中各指标折权重,并以中兴通讯有限公司为例进行实证分析,根据分析得出结论并对我国IT企业对外投资的区位选择提出建议。     

同业对标在供电所管理中的应用

在电力企业中,作为最基层单位的供电所,担负着直接向用户供电、为用户服务的重任.随着县域经济的不断发展,供电负荷持续上升,配网规模随之壮大,供电所地位日益重要.在新形势下提高供电所管理水平,成为电力企业当前管理工作中的重点.通过构建供电所同业对标平台,各供电所之间互相对标,取长补短,有效提升了供电所管理水平,促进农电事业的发展,为供电所管理提供了一种新思路和方法.