响应面法优化酶解马铃薯淀粉工艺

采用中温型α-淀粉酶对马铃薯淀粉进行水解,以马铃薯淀粉水解液的DE值为评价指标,在p H、酶解温度、酶解时间单因素实验的基础上,采用响应面法优化了马铃薯淀粉酶解工艺条件。结果表明:p H7.90,酶解温度62℃,酶解时间60 min,在此最优条件下酶解马铃薯淀粉的DE值达57.93%。      

三种预处理法对酶解产大豆异黄酮苷元的影响

以市售大豆异黄酮粉为样品,采用炒制、微波、烘箱加热法对其进行预处理,研究其对酶解大豆异黄酮转化大豆异黄酮苷元含量的影响。结果表明:炒制效果明显好于烘箱和微波法(p<0.05),炒制后大豆异黄酮苷元含量比烘箱、微波处理后分别增加1.238、1.240 mg/g。再运用单因素、响应曲面法对炒制条件进行优化,得到最优条件为:炒制时间103 s,炒制温度137℃,物料量13 g,此时大豆异黄酮苷元含量和转化率为13.33 mg/g、72.23%。      

响应面法优化牛骨制备骨多肽工艺的研究

以牛骨为原料,利用蛋白酶对牛骨水解进行单因素实验,在单因素基础上,根据中心组合实验设计原理运用响应面法,以水解度和多肽得率为响应值,得到最佳酶解条件为:酶解时间3.45 h,加酶量10500 U/g,底物浓度12%,温度45℃,p H7.5,此参数下水解度(DH)为14.29%,多肽得率69.76%,接近响应面预测值。结果表明,酶水解牛骨可以有效分解骨蛋白产生短链肽类,对牛骨蛋白利用以及开发活性肽有十分重要意义,为牛骨资源的精深加工提供实验依据。      

响应面优化超声波提取油松花粉多酚的工艺研究

研究了油松花粉多酚的超声波辅助提取工艺。在单因素实验结果的基础之上,通过Plackett-Burman筛选,确定出提取温度、料液比和提取时间为显著影响因子,选用3因素3水平的响应面分析法来优化油松花粉多酚的提取工艺。依据数据进行模型拟合和回归分析,确定影响油松花粉总酚得率的重要因素为提取时间和料液比,得出油松花粉多酚的最佳提取工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数80%、料液比1∶32 g/m L、提取时间为31 min、提取温度为51℃,在此工艺下总酚含量可达6.735 mg/g。实验结果显示,超声波辅助提取有效地优化了油松花粉多酚的提取条件,为其开发利用提供了理论支持。      

国省道沥青路面使用性能模型

为实现国省道沥青路面的使用性能评价,采用路面状况指数模型P=P₀{1-exp[-(α/y)^β]},对该模型中α、β参数确定方法进行了研究.以山东省为例,对近10 a来国省道沥青路面结构、交通资料、养护历史等方面进行了全面调研,通过分析沥青层厚度和车道的日大型车辆作用数对沥青路面使用性能的影响,建立了α、β与沥青层厚度和车道的日大型车辆作用数间关系式.通过分析土基和基层结构的承载能力,对α提出了综合修正方法,所建立的α、β表达式简洁适用,可方便分析某沥青层厚度和交通水平下沥青路面的性能变化规律,为国省道的路面结构性能评价和建设养护投资决策提供指导.     

Mitochondrial DNA as a Candidate Marker of Multiple Organ Failure after Cardiac Surgery

Assess the level of mitochondrial DNA depending on the presence of multiple organ failure in patients after heart surgery. The study included 60 patients who underwent surgical treatment of valvular heart disease using cardiopulmonary bypass. Uncomplicated patients were included in the 1st group (n = 30), patients with complications and multiple organ failure (MOF) were included in the 2nd group (n = 30). Serum mtDNA levels were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction with fluorescent dyes. Mitochondrial DNA gene expression did not differ between group before surgery. Immediately after the intervention, cytochrome B gene expression was higher in the group with MOF, and it remained high during entire follow-up period. A similar trend was observed in cytochrome oxidase gene expression. Increased NADH levels of gene expressions during the first postoperative day were noted in both groups, the expression showed tendency to increase on the third postoperative day. mtDNA gene expression in the “MOF present” group remained at a higher level compared with the group without complications. A positive correlation was reveled between the severity of MOF according to SOFA score and the level of mtDNA (r = 0.45; p = 0.028) for the end-point “First day”. The ROC analysis showed that mtDNA circulating in plasma (AUC = 0.605) can be a predictor of MOF development. The level of mtDNA significantly increases in case of MOF, irrespective of its cause. (2) The expression of mtDNA genes correlates with the level of MOF severity on the SOFA score.     

Microbe-Derived Antioxidants Reduce Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses by Activating the Nrf2 Pathway to Inhibit the ROS/NLRP3/IL-1β Signaling Pathway

Inflammation plays an important role in the innate immune response, yet overproduction of inflammation can lead to a variety of chronic diseases associated with the innate immune system; therefore, modulation of the excessive inflammatory response has been considered a major strategy in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Activation of the ROS/NLRP3/IL-1β signaling axis has been suggested to be a key initiating phase of inflammation. Our previous study found that microbe-derived antioxidants (MA) are shown to have excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; however, the mechanism of action of MA remains unclear. The current study aims to investigate whether MA could protect cells from LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses by modulating the Nrf2-ROS-NLRP3-IL-1β signaling pathway. In this study, we find that MA treatment significantly alleviates LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells. MA significantly reduce the accumulation of ROS in RAW264.7 cells, down-regulate the levels of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-6), inhibit NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 mRNA, and protein levels, and reduce the mRNA, protein levels, and content of inflammatory factors (IL-1β and IL-18). The protective effect of MA is significantly reduced after the siRNA knockdown of the NLRP3 gene, presumably related to the ability of MA to inhibit the ROS-NLRP3-IL-1β signaling pathway. MA is able to reduce the accumulation of ROS and alleviate oxidative stress by increasing the content of antioxidant enzymes, such as SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT. The protective effect of MA may be due to its ability of MA to induce Nrf2 to enter the nucleus and initiate the expression of antioxidant enzymes. The antioxidant properties of MA are further enhanced in the presence of the Nrf2 activator SFN. After the siRNA knockdown of the Nrf2 gene, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of MA are significantly affected. These findings suggest that MA may inhibit the LPS-stimulated ROS/NLRP3/IL-1β signaling axis by activating Nrf2-antioxidant signaling in RAW264.7 cells. As a result of this study, MA has been found to alleviate inflammatory responses and holds promise as a therapeutic agent for inflammation-related diseases.     

PRMT7 Inhibitor SGC8158 Enhances Doxorubicin-Induced DNA Damage and Its Cytotoxicity

Protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) regulates various cellular responses, including gene expression, cell migration, stress responses, and stemness. In this study, we investigated the biological role of PRMT7 in cell cycle progression and DNA damage response (DDR) by inhibiting PRMT7 activity with either SGC8158 treatment or its specific siRNA transfection. Suppression of PRMT7 caused cell cycle arrest at the G₁ phase, resulting from the stabilization and subsequent accumulation of p21 protein. In addition, PRMT7 activity is closely associated with DNA repair pathways, including both homologous recombination and non-homologous end-joining. Interestingly, SGC8158, in combination with doxorubicin, led to a synergistic increase in both DNA damage and cytotoxicity in MCF7 cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate that PRMT7 is a critical modulator of cell growth and DDR, indicating that it is a promising target for cancer treatment.     

Circulating Small EVs miRNAs as Predictors of Pathological Response to Neo-Adjuvant Therapy in Breast Cancer Patients

Neo-adjuvant therapy (NAT) is increasingly used in the clinic for the treatment of breast cancer (BC). Pathological response to NAT has been associated with improved patients’ survival; however, the current techniques employed for assessing the tumor response have significant limitations. Small EVs (sEVs)-encapsulated miRNAs have emerged as promising new biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction. Therefore, our study aims to explore the predictive value of these miRNAs for the pathological response to NAT in BC. By employing bioinformatic tools, we selected a set of miRNAs and evaluated their expression in plasma sEVs and BC biopsies. Twelve miRNAs were identified in sEVs, of which, miR-21-5p, 221-3p, 146a-5p and 26a-5p were significantly associated with the Miller–Payne (MP) pathological response to NAT. Moreover, miR-21-5p, 146a-5p, 26a-5p and miR-24-3p were independent as predictors of MP response to NAT. However, the expression of these miRNAs showed no correlation between sEVs and tissue samples, indicating that the mechanisms of miRNA sorting into sEVs still needs to be elucidated. Functional analysis of miRNA target genes and drug interactions revealed that candidate miRNAs and their targets, can be regulated by different NAT regimens. This evidence supports their role in governing the patients’ therapy response and highlights their potential use as prediction biomarkers.