Systematic approach for modeling methanol mass transport on the anode side of direct methanol fuel cells

A systematic method for modeling direct methanol fuel cells, with a focus on the anode side of the system, is advanced for the purpose of quantifying the methanol crossover phenomenon and predicting the concentration of methanol in the anode catalyst layer of a direct methanol fuel cell. The model accounts for fundamental mass transfer phenomena at steady state, including convective transport in the anode flow channel, as well as diffusion and electro-osmotic drag transport across the polymer electrolyte membrane. Experimental measurements of methanol crossover current density are used to identify five modeling parameters according to a systematic parameter estimation methodology. A validation study shows that the model matches the experimental data well, and the usefulness of the model is illustrated through the analysis of effects such as the choice fuel flow rate in the anode flow channel and the presence of carbon-dioxide bubbles.     

基于铁谱分析系统的机床健康检测

对某机床厂的龙门导轨磨床MMA52160A利用铁谱分析技术的油样进行定期检测,及时地掌握龙门导轨磨床的磨损状况.通过实验与分析发现,在检测时间段内导轨磨床内部存在着正常磨损、切削磨损、滚滑复合磨损磨粒以及铁的氧化物,在数量上以正常磨损居多,其它类型磨粒数量较少,可以判断导轨磨床仍处于正常运行状态.实验表明,铁谱分析技术可以对机床的运行状态进行预报故障;同时,可合理地确定机床的换油周期,节省油料,做到科学润滑,以延长龙门导轨磨床的使用寿命.     

Reliable fault-tolerant model predictive control of drinking water transport networks

This paper proposes a reliable fault-tolerant model predictive control applied to drinking water transport networks. After a fault has occurred, the predictive controller should be redesigned to cope with the fault effect. Before starting to apply the fault-tolerant control strategy, it should be evaluated whether the predictive controller will be able to continue operating after the fault appearance. This is done by means of a structural analysis to determine loss of controllability after the fault complemented with feasibility analysis of the optimization problem related to the predictive controller design, so as to consider the fault effect in actuator constraints. Moreover, by evaluating the admissibility of the different actuator-fault configurations, critical actuators regarding fault tolerance can be identified considering structural, feasibility, performance and reliability analyses. On the other hand, the proposed approach allows a degradation analysis of the system to be performed. As a result of these analyses, the predictive controller design can be modified by adapting constraints such that the best achievable performance with some pre-established level of reliability will be achieved. The proposed approach is tested on the Barcelona drinking water transport network.     

Patterns in melanocytic lesions: impact of the geometry on growth and transport inside the epidermis

In glabrous skin, nevi and melanomas exhibit pigmented stripes during clinical dermoscopic examination. They find their origin in the basal layer geometry which periodically exhibits ridges, alternatively large (limiting ridges) and thin (intermediate ridges). However, nevus and melanoma lesions differ by the localization of the pigmented stripes along furrows or ridges of the epidermis surface. Here, we propose a biomechanical model of avascular tumour growth which takes into account this specific geometry in the epidermis where both kinds of lesions first appear. Simulations show a periodic distribution of tumour cells inside the lesion, with a global contour stretched out along the ridges. In order to be as close as possible to clinical observations, we also consider the melanin transport by the keratinocytes. Our simulations show that reasonable assumptions on melanocytic cell repartition in the ridges favour the limiting ridges of the basal compared with the intermediate ones in agreement with nevus observations but not really with melanomas. It raises the question of cell aggregation and repartition of melanocytic cells in acral melanomas and requires further biological studies of these cells in situ.     

浅谈上跨营业线双机联合起升架梁施工技术

本文按照双机联合起升架梁施工工艺流程进行了论述，使读者能够清晰掌握现场施工程序。并结合工程实际，提出了相关优化措施，希望对于指导今后类似工程施工能够起到一定借鉴作用，并能为相关工作者提供参考。     

30 m超高加筋土挡墙在宁化行洛坑钨矿的应用

论述了超高加筋土挡墙的设计过程与建造及挡墙的变形特征。较大墙高宜采用加筋土挡墙，其对地基的适应性强，占地少，建造周期短。行洛坑钨矿原矿运输铁路跨越深沟谷，与栈桥相比较后，采用了加筋土挡墙方案，设计建造了二级30 m超高加筋土挡墙作为路基，1 a累计最大水平位移16～83 mm，最大沉降24～115 mm，建成5 a来运行正常。     

地铁列车运行对环境振动的影响数值分析

结合郑州地铁1号线工程实例,对比分析了郑州城市轨道交通在采用不同减振轨道形式下,隧道壁和土体对地铁振动传播的影响,为后续的轨道专业设计提供一定的理论依据。     

Intrinsic current–voltage characteristics of metal-carbon nanotube networks: A first-principles study

The interconnections involving metal atoms in single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) networks are crucial for building nanoscaled devices. The influence of the metal-(η⁶-SWNT) interconnects in the electrical conductivity of SWNT film have been reported in recent experiments [X. Tian et al. Nano lett. 2014,14,3930]. Using non-equilibrium Green's function with density function theory, we performed theoretical calculations on the electron transport properties of (Cr, Li, Au)-SWNT systems. We revealed the roles of transition metal Cr, alkalis metal Li and inert metal Au in improving the electrical conductance of metal-SWNT systems. Our calculated results show that transport properties along the inter-tube direction are strongly dependent on the connecting metal atoms varying over many orders of magnitudes. Gold atoms fail to enhance the electrical conductance of SWNT systems. Meanwhile, negative differential resistances are demonstrated in semiconducting inter-tube models, which would have potential applications in the electronic device. Our results provide a promising way to optimize the performance of SWNT based networks.     

80t顶吹转炉双渣冶炼工艺实践

通过对80 t顶吹转炉双渣法深脱磷工艺的实践探索,提出了倒炉时间、温度、碱度、渣中TFe含量及渣的流动性等关键因素的合理范围,为开发低磷品种钢奠定了坚实的基础。     

Critical Analysis of Fibre‐Reinforced Polymer Near‐Surface Mounted Double‐shear Pull‐out Tests

The study of the bond behaviour between fibre‐reinforced polymer (FRP) systems and concrete is an issue that nowadays attracts many researchers. The scientific community dedicated to the research of FRP reinforcement has been conducting numerous experimental programmes aiming to assess the local bond–slip law of the FRP–adhesive–concrete connection. This paper reports the relevant results obtained by the Structural Composite Research Group of Minho University in the scope of an international Round Robin Test. The suitability of the recommended test setup to derive a local bond constitutive law for modelling the bond behaviour of near‐surface mounted reinforcement systems is discussed based on a deep interpretation of the results.