Modeling, simulation and stabilizing H∞-control of an oscillating continuous crystallizer with fines dissolution

In this contribution, a detailed model for a continuous crystallizer with fines dissolution is derived. The main focus of this article is the identification of physical reasons responsible for oscillations occurring in these crystallization plants. In contrast to many other crystallization models used in literature for the investigation of such limit cycles, detailed kinetic expressions for crystal growth and attrition, as well as for the separation of fines in the annular zone, are incorporated. By dynamic simulations of the model and by comparison with measured data, an undesired dissolution of larger crystals can be identified as a possible reason for the appearance of sustained oscillations. Finally, a stabilizing feedback controller is designed using H_∞-theory. It is demonstrated in simulations that this controller enables stable operation of the crystallizer even at a high fines dissolution rate.     

Optimization Of The Operation Of A Drying Heat Pump Using Superheated Steam

ABSTRACT

A numerical solution of a model which describes the optimal operation of a novel concept of heat pump for drying applications based on the theory of minimum energy cycles is presented. The thermodynamic cycle of the drying heat pump involves vapor condensation in a Laval nozzle, removal of the liquid phase in a separator as well as compression of the working medium, which is superheated vapor.     

E_2系统极限环线(3,1)分布参数区间的扩大

本文对一类 E_2系统进行了研究,在保证极限环线(3,1)分布的情况下,扩大了参数 n 的变化区间,在较弱条件下给出了该系统具有极限环线(3,1)分布的一个充分性条件。     

由按列单降矩阵给出的瓶颈TSP的一个迭代算法

本文给出了一个求解由按列单降矩阵(Matrices graded up its columns)给出的瓶颈旅行商问题(Bottleneck TSP)的迭代算法,证明了算法是可实现的且只需要多项式界的迭代时间。算法揭示了这类问题的一个极好性质,即任意2—邻域内的最优解必为同题的全局最优解。     

一类化学反应的振荡性

本文讨论化学反应A+B→2B,B→C中有逆反应时,其对应的数学模型,给出了存在唯一极限环的条件,并考虑了其何时产生强迫振荡。     

矿渣微粉对混凝土抗冻融耐久性的影响

试验研究了矿渣微粉对混凝土强度和抗冻性能的影响.结果表明,同基准混凝土相比,掺入20%～50%比表面积为475m2/kg的矿渣微粉,可以明显提高混凝土的后期强度,并降低冻融循环后重量和动弹性模量的损失率.这说明矿渣微粉对混凝土具有显著的增强作用,并对混凝土的抗冻性能具有很好的改善作用.     

Deterioration mechanism of sulfate attack on concrete under freeze-thaw cycles

The experiments of concrete attacked by sulfate solution under freeze-thaw cycles were investigated. The sulfate solution includes two types of 5% Na2SO4 and 5% MgSO4. Through the experiment, microstructural analyses such as SEM, XRD and TGA measurements were performed on the selected samples after freeze-thaw cycles. The corrosion products of the concrete were distinguished and quantitatively compared by the thermal analysis. Besides, the damage mechanism considering the dynamic modulus of elastically of concrete under the coupling effect was also investigated. The experimental results show that, under the action of freeze-thaw cycles and sulfate attack, the main attack products in concrete are ettringite and gypsum. The corrosion products exposed to MgSO4 solution are more than those to Na2SO4 solution. Furthermore, the content of gypsum in concrete is less than that of ettringite in test, and some of gypsum can be observed only after a certain corrosion extent. It is also shown that MgSO4 solution has a promoting effect to the damage of concrete under freeze-thaw cycles. Whereas for Na：SO4 solution, the damage of concrete has restrained before 300 freeze-thaw cycles, but the sulfate attack accelerates the deterioration process in its further test period.     

单向Cf/SiC复合材料的弯曲疲劳性能

对单向Cf/SiC复合材料进行了三点弯曲疲劳性能测试,得到了复合材料的应力－寿命曲线（S－N曲线）,并对其进行线性拟合,得到疲劳最大应力与复合材料疲劳寿命的关系;考察了疲劳过程中刚度下降和疲劳裂纹产生情况。结果表明在疲劳过程中复合材料的弯曲模量有3个变化阶段：首先在疲劳加载初期,弯曲模量的下降速度及幅度都较大;其次在弯曲模量下降到原始弯曲模量的85％（133GPa)后,其变化方式没有明显的规律可循,有时甚至可能上升;最后复合材料发生疲劳断裂时,模量将发生突变。显微结构分析表明：基体横向裂纹群的产生是疲劳断裂的独有特征。它的产生是由于基体SiC的断裂应变小于碳纤维的断裂应变,基体首先开裂并导致应力重新分布的结果。     

Averaged Periodogram Spectral Estimation with Long-memory Conditional Heteroscedasticity

The empirical relevance of long-memory conditional heteroscedasticity has emerged in a variety of studies of long time series of high frequency financial measurements. A reassessment of the applicability of existing semiparametric frequency domain tools for the analysis of time dependence and long-run behaviour of time series is therefore warranted. To that end, in this paper the averaged periodogram statistic is analysed in the framework of a generalized linear process with long-memory conditional heteroscedastic innovations according to a model specification first proposed by Robinson (Testing for strong serial correlation and dynamic conditional heteroscedasticity in multiple regression. J. Economet. 47 (1991), 67–84). It is shown that the averaged periodogram estimate of the spectral density of a short-memory process remains asymptotically normal with unchanged asymptotic variance under mild moment conditions, and that for strongly dependent processes Robinson's averaged periodogram estimate of long memory (Semiparametric analysis of long memory time series. Ann. Stat. 22 (1994), 515–39) remains consistent.     

Catalytic activity of supported metal particles for sulfuric acid decomposition reaction

Production of hydrogen by splitting of water in the thermochemical sulfur-based cycles that employs the catalytic decomposition of sulfuric acid into SO₂ and O₂ is of considerable interest. However, all of the known catalytic systems studied to date that consist of metal particles on oxide substrates deactivate with time on stream. To develop an understanding of the factors that are responsible for catalyst activity, we investigate the fresh activity of several platinum group metals (PGM) catalysts, including Pd, Pt, Rh, Ir, and Ru supported on titania at 850 °C and perform an extensive theoretical study (density-functional-theory-based first-principles calculations and computer simulations) of the activity of the PGM nanoparticles of different size and shape positioned on TiO₂ (rutile and anatase) and Al₂O₃ (γ- and η-alumina) surfaces. The activity and deactivation of the catalytic systems are defined by (i) the energy barrier for the detachment of O atoms from the SO_n (n = 1, 2, 3) species, and (ii) the removal rate of the products of the sulfuric acid decomposition (atomic O, S, and the SO_n species) from metal nanoparticles. We show that these two nanoscale features collectively result in the observed experimental behavior. The removal rate of the reaction products is always lower than the SO_n decomposition rates. The relation between these two rates explains why the “softer” PGM nanoparticles (Pd and Pt) exhibit the highest initial catalytic activity.