基于核磁共振技术的岩石孔隙结构冻融损伤试验研究

 为研究岩石在冻融循环作用下的孔隙结构损伤特性,选取寒区花岗岩为岩样,在冻结温度为－40 ℃,融解温度为20 ℃条件下,分别进行3轮冻融循环试验,并对每轮冻融循环后的岩样进行核磁共振(NMR)测量,得到同一块岩样不同冻融循环次数后的孔隙度、横向弛豫时间T2分布及核磁共振图像(NMRI)。结果表明：花岗岩的T2分布主要为3个峰,随着冻融循环次数的增多,岩石的孔隙度、核磁共振T2谱分布和T2谱面积均会增大,但每个岩样的增大幅度均不同,反映出冻融循环作用下岩石中孔隙的发育和扩展特性;核磁共振图像显示同一块岩样在不同冻融循环次数后的内部微观结构分布,动态地显示岩石的冻融损伤过程。冻融循环条件下岩石核磁共振特征为岩石冻融损伤机制研究提供可靠的试验数据。     

干湿循环对纤维膨胀土特性影响的试验研究

为了研究干湿循环对膨胀土和聚丙烯纤维膨胀土强度的影响,进行了大量的试验研究。试验结果表明,膨胀土和纤维膨胀土随着干湿循环次数的增加,裂隙逐渐发展,土样的整体性遭到破坏,抗剪强度也随着循环次数的增加而降低;纤维可以增加膨胀土强度,提高土体的整体性。膨胀土和纤维膨胀土的粘聚力随着循环次数增加而降低的趋势一致,表明纤维是以强...     

厚煤层成因机制——天文周期控制的多期次泥炭沼泽叠加模式

蕴含丰富地质信息的厚煤层是重要的地质碳库及地质信息库,我国是煤炭资源大国,华北、西北、东北、华南等聚煤区都发育有厚煤层.传统煤田地质学认为,厚煤层是泥炭沼泽潜水面上升速度与植物遗体聚集速度长期处于均衡补偿状态下的连续聚集产物.但现今发育的泥炭沼泽单层最大厚度仅为20 m,考虑泥炭到烟煤成煤过程受到高达约6:1的压实比例...     

关于膨润土防水毯防渗性能及稳定性的影响因素分析

总结了钠基膨润土防水毯(GCL)的防渗机理,从膨润土质量特性、渗透液水质、干湿循环、冻融循环等方面对GCL防渗性能及服务期稳定性的影响因素进行了论述,希望对改善防水毯性能研究提供参考。     

冻融循环对石灰粉土剪切强度特性的影响

根据试验结果,讨论了冻融循环对石灰粉土剪切强度特性的影响。试验发现,反复冻结和融化强烈影响着石灰土的强度特性。一次冻融循环后,对未加石灰的粉土来说,其剪切强度变化不大,但是对石灰粉土来说,其剪切强度明显低于未冻融的,而且随冻融循环次数的增加,石灰粉土的剪切强度逐渐衰减,经历１０次冻融循环的饱水石灰粉土强度最低。     

本科生科研训练的实践与探索

本科研训练是一种很好的实践教育手段,越来越多的高校利用科研训练提高本科生的综合素质.本文通过具体的例子介绍了我校本科生科研训练的实施情况,包括选题、训练内容和训练效果等方面.每个科研训练项目均经历了查阅资料、方案设计、方案评审和方案实施等过程,结果表明本科科研训练可以很好地培养学生的创新能力,提高学生分析问题和解决问题的能力,为学生研究生阶段的学习和工作打下了良好的基础.     

冻融黏土动态回弹模量演变规律及预估模型

为研究冻融循环影响下路基黏土动态回弹模量的变化规律,开展了不同初始含水率、压实度、冻融循环次数、偏应力及围压条件下的动三轴试验。结果表明：路基黏土的动态回弹模量随初始含水率和偏应力的增加而减小,而与压实度及围压均呈正相关关系;冻融作用导致动态回弹模量发生衰减,而经历5次冻融循环后其值基本稳定。基于此,建立了全面考虑冻融循环影响、物理状态及应力条件的路基黏土动态回弹模量回归模型,预测效果较好。     

Modeling and analysis of rapid catalyst aging cycles

The primary mode of deactivation of automotive emission control catalysts is thermal aging, and it is well-known that high-temperature lean aging conditions are particularly detrimental. Since evaluating the long-term durability of automotive catalysts is costly and time-consuming, rapid catalyst aging cycles have been developed to mimic (in a reduced time) the catalyst deactivation under real-world driving conditions. One of the commonly used rapid catalyst aging tests is an exothermal aging cycle, which involves a combination of fuel-rich engine operation and supplemental air injection to generate high-temperature lean conditions within the catalyst bed. In this work, we use the previously developed transient three-way catalyst model to investigate the time evolution of the axial temperature profiles and exhaust air–fuel ratio (A/F) along the catalyst bed during the course of the exothermal rapid aging cycles. We find that the thermal front propagates downstream through the catalyst bed relatively slowly (compared to the concentration front) and this can limit the location within the catalyst bed and duration for high-temperature lean exposure. We also investigate how variations of some of the key system design and operating parameters can affect the extent and duration of high-temperature lean exposure. Finally, a simple analytical expression is developed which allows one to estimate the time it takes for the thermal front to travel through the catalyst bed. This time can be compared with the period of the lean A/F operation during the aging cycle to determine the location and duration of high-temperature lean exposure.     

Effect of driving,charging, and pricing scenarios on optimal component sizing of a PHEV

In this paper, the problem of optimal sizing of a series PHEV is studied by formulating a convex program that minimizes the sum of operational and component costs. The solution gives the optimal sizes of the main powertrain components, simultaneously with the vehicle's optimal energy management. Investigations are performed on driving cycles generated stochastically from real data using Markov chains, with different driving distance distributions and charging patterns. The results show that the optimal component sizing is affected more from the driving distances between charging opportunities, than the speed profile of the driving. With anticipated future battery and petroleum prices, larger battery sizes are obtained.     

Highly selective and stable bimetallic catalysts supported on different materials for n-butane dehydrogenation

A study about the performance of Pt(0.3 wt%)Sn(0.3 wt%) catalysts supported on different materials in n-butane dehydrogenation is reported in this paper. The materials used as supports were γ-Al₂O₃, ZnAl₂O₄ spinel, MgAl₂O₄ spinel and spheres of α-Al₂O₃ with a washcoating of γ-Al₂O₃. The syntheses of both spinels leaded to very pure ZnAl₂O₄ and MgAl₂O₄ supports. The material prepared by washcoating showed the presence of an uniform and homogeneous layer of γ-Al₂O₃ (with a thickness between 12 and 18 μm) deposited on the spheres of α-Al₂O₃.The best behavior in activity, selectivity and stability through five severe cycles was achieved by bimetallic PtSn catalysts supported on MgAl₂O₄ spinel and on the material prepared by washcoating. The very good performance of these catalysts through the different cycles of reaction-regeneration can be due to the presence of metallic phases which preserve the strong intermetallic interaction along the different treatments, thus avoiding segregation processes.