高速箔片端面气膜密封热质传递规律研究

为探究高参数弹性箔片端面气膜密封热性能并开展结构优化设计,基于流体仿真分析软件,建立箔片端面气膜密封热性能分析模型,考虑空气介质实际气体效应影响,研究密封端面气体流动和传热特性,分析不同工况和结构参数对密封端面各流体、固体域最高温度和平均温度的影响。结果表明：箔片端面气膜密封热量主要集中分布在平箔片和密封坝上;随着转速的上升或入口压力、最小气膜厚度的减小,密封环组件各流体和固体域平均和最高温度增大;各流体和固体域平均和最高温度随楔形高度和节距比的增大而减小。     

C60-卤代苯吡咯烷的合成及光谱表征

合成了一种新的C60-卤代苯吡咯烷衍生物1,以1HNMR、13CNMR、FT-IR、FAB-MS和UV进行了结构表征.测量其在甲苯溶液中的荧光发射光谱,并在此最大发射波长下测得其荧光寿命为5.26ns,而C60在室温的荧光寿命大约是1.2ns。说明C60-卤代苯吡咯烷(1)在激光激发下发生了加成基团苯环与母体C60之间的分子内能量转移和电荷传递,有可能产生长寿命的电荷分离态。理论计算化合物1的电子结构和前线轨道进一步验证了上述结果。     

文化整体性视角下北岳的移祀及两山的景观 关联性探究

北岳,作为中国古代北方疆域的地理坐标,文化地 位显赫且移祀历史独特。为研究北岳的历史演变历程,通过历 史文献收集、舆图考证及实地调研的研究方法,考证了自五代 至清,古北岳岳庙下移、浑源北岳说萌芽、古今北岳封祀并存 等驱动北岳移祀的转折性事件。研究发现,在文化整体性视角 下,北岳的移祀受到疆域格局扩张、王朝地理推动、军事信仰 转移等制度文化影响,亦受到北岳恒山地区农业经济发展的影 响,以及精神文化层面社会情绪的助力。北岳的移祀受到官方 和民众的共同推动,体现了北岳在宏观人文构想下地理空间与 国家秩序空间中定位的演变,催生了具有关联性特征的自然人 文景观。文化整体性视角下,北岳作为一个文化符号,不仅整 合了移祀前后两山具有历时性特征的风景表征,更因移祀所映 射的北岳文化推动着风景名胜的保护与传承。     

不同湍流模型对叶片表面换热系数结果的影响

为了比较湍流模型对涡轮叶片外换热计算结果的影响,采用的三种湍流模型对NASA-C3X导向叶片进行了表面换热计算并与实验数据进行了对比,结果表明:边界层流态的转变对换热的影响很显著,缺乏对湍动能发展的控制是影响换热计算结果主要原因;标准的k-ε模型换热计算效果较差,Reynolds Stress模型体现了边界层流动状态的转变对换热影响;研究在不同计算域采用不同湍流模型的计算技术,是一种较好的可行的方案.     

WRIST FORCE SENSOR'S DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE CALIBRATION BASED ON NEGATIVE STEP RESPONSE

Negative step response experimental method is used in wrist force sensor＇s dynamic performance calibration. The exciting manner of negative step response method is the same as wrist force sensor＇s load in working. This experimental method needn＇t special experiment equipments. Experiment＇s dynamic repeatability is good. So wrist force sensor＇s dynamic performance is suitable to be calibrated by negative step response method. A new correlation wavelet transfer method is studied. By wavelet transfer method, the signal is decomposed into two dimensional spaces of time-frequency. So the problem of negative step exciting energy concentrating in the low frequency band is solved. Correlation wavelet transfer doesn＇t require that wavelet primary function be orthogonal and needn＇t wavelet reconstruction. So analyzing efficiency is high. An experimental bench is designed and manufactured to load the wrist force sensor orthogonal excitation force/moment. A piezoelectric force sensor is used to setup soft trigger and calculate the value of negative step excitation. A wrist force sensor is calibrated. The pulse response function is calculated after negative step excitation and step response have been transformed to positive step excitation and step response. The pulse response function is transferred to frequency response function. The wrist force sensor＇s dynamic characteristics are identified by the frequency response function.     

析湿工况下开缝翅片管换热器空气侧热质比拟关系特性分析

对开缝翅片管换热器在析湿工况下空气侧热质比拟关系进行试验研究,分析翅片间距和入口相对湿度对空气侧热质比拟关系特性的影响.研究结果表明,随着翅片间距的增加,热质比拟关系值逐渐增大.当入口水温为12℃时,随着入口相对湿度的增加,热质比拟关系逐渐增加,而当入口水温为6℃时,入口相对湿度对热质比拟关系几乎没有什么影响.试验得到的热质比拟关系值的范围为0.5～3.7,刘易斯关系式对于开缝翅片管换热器不适用.利用多元线性回归的方法开发热质比拟关系hδ(hmcp,a)的关联式,所开发关联式在±15%误差范围内能涵盖87.3%的试验数据,平均误差为7.1%.此外,在数据处理过程中,提出一个新的参数--传质翅片效率,以此来求解空气侧的传质系数.     

发动机冷却系统中流动与传热问题数值模拟进展

着重论述利用数值模拟技术研究发动机冷却系统中流动与传热问题的发展现状,包括水套单相流及气液两相流流动、流－固耦合传热、一维与三维联合模拟等该研究领域的热点内容。耦合系统之间联合分析的方法准确反映了发动机各部件之间的影响关系,这种分析方法是目前研究的重点,但其中仍存在一些问题。基于此状况提出改进办法：针对不同工况选用循环平均参数作为燃气侧传热边界条件;水套进出口的流动边界条件,在稳态工况下设为定值,在过渡工况下通过循环一维仿真计算确定;应采用整体耦合方法进行计算,计算模型应尽量完整,但可以进行适当的简化,并总结出模型简化的原则。     

Influence of Different Salts on the G-Quadruplex Structure Formed from the Reversed Human Telomeric DNA Sequence

G-rich telomeric DNA plays a major role in the stabilization of chromosomes and can fold into a plethora of different G-quadruplex structures in the presence of mono- and divalent cations. The reversed human telomeric DNA sequence (5′-(GGG ATT)₄; RevHumTel) was previously shown to have interesting properties that can be exploited for chemical sensing and as a chemical switch in DNA nanotechnology. Here, we analyze the specific G-quadruplex structures formed by RevHumTel in the presence of K⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ cations using circular dichroism spectroscopy (CDS) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) based on fluorescence lifetimes. CDS is able to reveal strand and loop orientations, whereas FRET gives information about the distances between the 5′-end and the 3′-end, and also, the number of G-quadruplex species formed. Based on this combined information we derived specific G-quadruplex structures formed from RevHumTel, i.e., a chair-type and a hybrid-type G-quadruplex structure formed in presence of K⁺, whereas Na⁺ induces the formation of up to three different G-quadruplexes (a basket-type, a propeller-type and a hybrid-type structure). In the presence of Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ two different parallel G-quadruplexes are formed (one of which is a propeller-type structure). This study will support the fundamental understanding of the G-quadruplex formation in different environments and a rational design of G-quadruplex-based applications in sensing and nanotechnology.     

Assessing the DNA Damaging Effectiveness of Ionizing Radiation Using Plasmid DNA

Plasmid DNA is useful for investigating the DNA damaging effects of ionizing radiation. In this study, we have explored the feasibility of plasmid DNA-based detectors to assess the DNA damaging effectiveness of two radiotherapy X-ray beam qualities after undergoing return shipment of ~8000 km between two institutions. The detectors consisted of 18 μL of pBR322 DNA enclosed with an aluminum seal in nine cylindrical cavities drilled into polycarbonate blocks. We shipped them to Toronto, Canada for irradiation with either 100 kVpor 6 MV X-ray beams to doses of 10, 20, and 30 Gy in triplicate before being shipped back to San Diego, USA. The Toronto return shipment also included non-irradiated controls and we kept a separate set of controls in San Diego. In San Diego, we quantified DNA single strand breaks (SSBs), double strand breaks (DSBs), and applied Nth and Fpg enzymes to quantify oxidized base damage. The rate of DSBs/Gy/plasmid was 2.8±0.7greater for the 100 kVp than the 6 MV irradiation. The 100 kVp irradiation also resulted in 5±2 times more DSBs/SSB than the 6 MV beam, demonstrating that the detector is sensitive enough to quantify relative DNA damage effectiveness, even after shipment over thousands of kilometers.     

hgtseq: A Standard Pipeline to Study Horizontal Gene Transfer

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is well described in prokaryotes: it plays a crucial role in evolution, and has functional consequences in insects and plants. However, less is known about HGT in humans. Studies have reported bacterial integrations in cancer patients, and microbial sequences have been detected in data from well-known human sequencing projects. Few of the existing tools for investigating HGT are highly automated. Thanks to the adoption of Nextflow for life sciences workflows, and to the standards and best practices curated by communities such as nf-core, fully automated, portable, and scalable pipelines can now be developed. Here we present nf-core/hgtseq to facilitate the analysis of HGT from sequencing data in different organisms. We showcase its performance by analysing six exome datasets from five mammals. Hgtseq can be run seamlessly in any computing environment and accepts data generated by existing exome and whole-genome sequencing projects; this will enable researchers to expand their analyses into this area. Fundamental questions are still open about the mechanisms and the extent or role of horizontal gene transfer: by releasing hgtseq we provide a standardised tool which will enable a systematic investigation of this phenomenon, thus paving the way for a better understanding of HGT.