利用固相反应法制备的石榴石结构的Li7La3Zr2O12粉体的形成机制

The formation mechanisms of garnet-like Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) phase using LiOH?H2O as raw materials are investigated symmetrically by XRD and DTA/TG measurements. It was found that reaction mechanisms of the LLZO formation are as follows: 7Li2O 3La2O3 4ZrO2=2Li7La3Zr2O12 The production of LLZO phase takes place at about 680oC observed from the XRD patterns, in agreement with the thermic peak at 700oC in DTA/TG curves, which arises from the formation of LZZO phase. The stable existence temperature range of LLZO phase is wide, from 720 to 1000oC. However, LLZO is thermally unstable at the high temperatures (>1000oC) due to a serious loss of lithium element, and it discomposes into pyrochlore phase La2Zr2O7. And the amount of the decomposed products increased, and LLZO decreased gradually with the increase of the calcination temperature. When the reactant mixture was calcined at the low temperature, the produced phases were identified to be lanthanum compounds because La2O3 absorbs moisture and CO2 very easily. The chemical reactions at lower temperature are mainly related with the reactions among lanthanum compounds. LLZO powder was synthesized by solid state reaction at 800℃. It is found that the LLZO crystal belongs to the tetragonal symmetry. SEM observations show that the obtained LLZO powder was nano-sized.     

基于LAPW算法磁记忆信号相变特性的研究

当应力达到临界屈服点时,铁磁性金属构件将产生塑性形变,造成重大的安全隐患。金属磁记忆检测技术可以快速、有效地检测出应力集中区域,但是,目前尚无有效的方法对临界屈服点处的磁记忆信号特征进行定量化分析。采用基于密度泛函理论的线性缀加平面波法(LAPW),建立了磁力学耦合模型,分析了临界屈服点的磁记忆信号特征,计算了弹性形变和塑性形变范围内,体系的差分电荷密度、原子磁矩、晶格结构随应力的变化关系。研究结果表明:随着应力的增加,固体中原子之间的结合力逐渐减弱,晶格结构的稳定性变差;当应力达到临界屈服点时,固体发生相变,磁记忆信号产生突变,磁记忆效应减弱。理论计算结果与实验结果具有很好的一致性。     

超声-MIG焊接铝合金熔滴过渡行为

对铝合金超声-MIG焊接熔滴过渡行为做了系统研究。试验主要关注在超声作用下,铝合金焊接中熔滴过渡行为的变化。通过对熔滴过渡过程的观测和分析,结果表明,对于短路过渡形式,熔滴受到超声辐射力的阻碍作用,熔滴的体积增大,过渡频率降低,焊接电弧收缩,弧长缩短,挺度增加,亮度增大;在大滴过渡和射滴过渡时,熔滴过渡频率大幅增加,熔滴尺寸减小,这也是超声辐射力作用在熔滴上的影响造成的;而且超声作用后的熔滴形态发生复杂变化,焊接过程的不稳定性增大。     

Bi2(Sn0.95Cr0.05)2O7: Structure,IR spectra,and dielectric properties

Infrared absorption spectra of the bismuth pyrostannate Bi₂(Sn_0.95Cr_0.05)₂O₇ were investigated in the frequency range 350−1100 cm⁻¹ at temperatures of 110−525 K. Four frequency regions with split absorption lines are distinguished. Softening of frequencies at the structural transitions was observed. The maxima of permittivity measured in the frequency range 1−200 kHz at temperatures 100−400 K were determined. It was found that the magnetic susceptibility changes its sign in the low-temperature region. The correlation between anomalies in the magnetic susceptibility, permittivity, and absorption line intensity was established. Softening of frequencies is explained by the variation in the coefficient of thermal expansion of the lattice. The temperature behavior of permittivity is described using the Debye model.     

Ce联合Nb/Co改性稀土尾矿催化剂NH3-SCR性能及脱硝机理研究

白云鄂博稀土尾矿含有Fe、Ce等利于催化脱硝的活性元素,作为天然矿物对环境友好且成本低,是做脱硝催化剂的天然原料,但稀土尾矿催化剂温度窗口较窄(350~450℃)。为拓宽稀土尾矿催化剂的温度窗口,用Ce、Nb、Co改性稀土尾矿,采用水热法制备了一系列Ce-M(Nb、Co)改性稀土尾矿催化剂,探究元素比例及元素种类对脱硝性能的影响。通过BET、XRD、XPS、H2-TPR和NH3-TPD对改性稀土尾矿进行表征分析,并利用In situ DRIFTS 技术对Ce-Co改性稀土尾矿的NH3-SCR机理进行了探究。结果显示,Ce-Nb(2:1)改性稀土尾矿在300~400℃脱硝效率最高为85%,Ce-Co(2:1)改性稀土尾矿在250~400℃脱硝效率能够达到90%。Nb和Co的加入提高了催化剂表面CeCO3F的分散度,暴露更多活性吸附位点。同时,元素之间的相互作用促进了电子的转移,Nb5+的形成阻碍了Ce4+的还原,调节了氧化还原性能,使得Ce-Nb改性稀土尾矿具有优异的N2选择性。而Co的加入提高了催化剂氧化还原能力,使得Co3+增加,进而提高Br?nsted酸性位的吸附强度,NH4+及Co3+-NH2能够首先与NO反应,形成NH3HNO及NH2NO等中间产物,催化剂表面同时遵循E-R机理和L-H机理,E-R机理占主导。     

基于Kriging代理模型的TP304不锈钢裂尖驱动力概率预测（英文）

为了探究材料和载荷的随机性对TP304不锈钢裂尖驱动力的影响规律,通过将弹塑性有限元和Kriging代理模型相结合,实现裂尖驱动力的概率预测。为了提高有限元分析的效率,使用MATLAB对ABAQUS软件的前置处理和后置处理程序进行二次开发,实现随机样本的自动更改、批量计算和概率预测结果的自动分析。研究得到了随机因素作用下TP304不锈钢材料裂尖驱动力的统计分布规律,以及失效概率、失效概率密度函数、累计概率密度函数等概率特征,并对各随机因素的灵敏度进行了分析。最后,通过与Monte Carlo法对比分析了该方法的有效性和效率。结果表明,载荷和材料参数的随机性会显著影响TP304不锈钢裂纹尖端的驱动力,从而影响TP304不锈钢的失效概率,载荷和应变硬化指数对奥氏体TP304不锈钢材料裂尖驱动力的分散性影响最大。     

Low-temperature phase transitions of sodium aluminate solutions

A series of low-temperature phase transitions of sodium aluminate solutions were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Raman spectroscopy. The results indicate that NaOH concentration is a primary impact factor for the binary eutectic point and ice melting temperature of sodium aluminate solutions with low NaOH concentration. In addition, the phase transition process of sodium aluminate solutions with low NaOH concentration from 123.15 to 283.15 K is divided into four steps: non-crystal to crystal, ternary eutectic reaction, binary eutectic reaction and ice melt. The projection phase diagram of NaOH-Al(OH)₃-H₂O system at low temperature was plotted, in which the ternary eutectic temperature for sodium aluminate solutions is 183.15 K.     

65Mn弹簧钢盘条相变组织分析

为合理制定65Mn盘条控冷工艺和球化退火工艺,使用热模拟相变膨胀法,结合金相组织分析及硬度试验方法,研究65Mn弹簧钢的组织相变规律。试验测定了65Mn动态连续转变CCT曲线,同时测定了该钢种的Ac1、Ac3、Ar1、Ar3等临界相变点温度,结果表明,当冷却速度低于7 ℃/s时,仅发生铁素体和珠光体组织相变,此时钢中组织为索氏体＋珠光体＋铁素体,索氏体含量随冷却速度的增加而增加。冷却速度大于7 ℃/s时,开始发生马氏体相变。冷却速度大于30 ℃/s时仅发生马氏体相变。采用本试验研究成果,制定了合理的65Mn盘条控冷工艺,生产出了力学性能合格的65Mn盘条。同时制定了合适的盘条球化退火工艺,供下游用户参考,用户使用该工艺对盘条进行球化退火处理,可获得均匀的球化组织。     

350 km/h高速铁路有砟轨道基床结构的技术条件分析

采用车辆轨道路基垂向耦合动力学模型,研究了轨道高低不平顺下有砟轨道路基动力影响系数φ_i的概率分布特性;根据循环荷载下路基粗粒土典型填料单元模型试验反映出的累积变形状态特征与荷载水平的关系,明确了基床以下填料处于无时间效应变形状态、基床填料处于微弱时间效应变形状态的设计工作状态;以基床结构的动强度、长期动力稳定性、循环变形为设计控制指标,开展了高速铁路有砟轨道基床结构的技术条件分析。研究表明:表征路基承受列车动力效应程度的φ_i沿线路纵向服从对数正态分布;列车荷载作用下,路基各结构层的累积变形状态与填料性质密切相关;基床结构的长期动力稳定性为设计主控因素,据此,提出了适用于350km/h有砟轨道高铁基床双层结构型式的技术标准建议。     

大理岩脆－延性转换的微观机理研究

为探讨高水压对大理岩变形、强度、脆－延转化特性及破坏断裂损伤劣化的影响，取锦屏二级水电站引水隧洞大理岩分别进行高水压、高围压、低围压作用下全应力－应变过程三轴压缩对比试验，对大理岩破坏断裂断口进行微观扫描电镜试验，分析不同工况条件下大理岩断口微观形貌特征.结果表明，在低围压作用下莫尔强度包络线近似为线性，在高围压作用下莫尔强度包络线为非线性.高外水压力的存在抑制了岩石脆性向延性的发展，降低了岩石的强度，对软化区裂纹的扩展起到加剧作用.通过微观数字图像实验分析可知，高围压比低围压条件下大理岩断口裂纹长度小、密度大，分布均匀.给出了高水压、高围压作用下岩石破裂产生的微观损伤力学机理，为进一步分析高围压、高内外水压条件下非圆形洞室围岩失稳破坏提供了可靠的理论依据.