焦化厂煤气管道和设备腐蚀原因及预防

焦化厂煤气管道和设备腐蚀的主要原因有:溶解氧引发的腐蚀、Cl-和SO42-诱发的应力腐蚀、H2S的腐蚀、CO2的腐蚀、铵盐的腐蚀、高浓度悬浮物引发的腐蚀、泥砂和碎片等异物引发的磨损腐蚀、微生物影响诱发的腐蚀及其他介质的腐蚀等。分析了上述腐蚀发生的机理,提出了通过加强生产管理、改善生产工艺、添加缓蚀剂和阳垢剂,做好日常维护等手段,来实现降低腐蚀,延长管道和设备的使用寿命。     

PE压力管道专用树脂的性能及我国研发状况

介绍了我国石化企业近年来压力管道专用树脂的研发生产状况,以及相关标准对聚乙烯(PE)压力管道树脂的要求。我国已有7家石化企业生产的PE压力管道专用树脂通过了PE 80级或PE 100级认证。随着我国石化企业对高等级管道专用树脂的开发,逐步改变了我国PE 100级管道专用树脂长期依赖进口的局面。     

Design of new catalysts for ecological high-quality transportation fuels by combinatorial computational chemistry and tight-binding quantum chemical molecular dynamics approaches

Recently, we introduced a concept of combinatorial chemistry to computational chemistry and proposed a new method called “combinatorial computational chemistry”, which enables us to perform a theoretical high-throughput screening of catalysts. In the present paper, we reviewed our recent application of our combinatorial computational chemistry approach to the design of new catalysts for high-quality transportation fuels. By using our combinatorial computational chemistry techniques, we succeeded to predict new catalysts for methanol synthesis and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. Moreover, we have succeeded in the development of chemical reaction dynamics simulator based on our original tight-binding quantum chemical molecular dynamics method. This program realizes more than 5000 times acceleration compared to the regular first-principles molecular dynamics method. Electronic- and atomic-level information on the catalytic reaction dynamics at reaction temperatures significantly contributes the catalyst design and development. Hence, we also summarized our recent applications of the above quantum chemical molecular dynamics method to the clarification of the methanol synthesis dynamics in this review.     

A progressive deployment strategy for cooperative adaptive cruise control to improve traffic dynamics

Cooperative adaptive cruise control(CACC)vehicles are intelligent vehicles that use vehicular ad hoc networks(VANETs)to share trafc information in real time.Previous studies have shown that CACC could have an impact on increasing highway capacities at high market penetration.Since reaching a high CACC market penetration level is not occurring in the near future,this study presents a progressive deployment approach that demonstrates to have a great potential of reducing trafc congestions at low CACC penetration levels.Using a previously developed microscopic trafc simulation model of a freeway with an on-ramp—created to induce perturbations and trigger stop-and-go trafc,the CACC system s efect on the trafc performance is studied.The results show signifcance and indicate the potential of CACC systems to improve trafc characteristics which can be used to reduce trafc congestion.The study shows that the impact of CACC is positive and not only limited to a high market penetration.By giving CACC vehicles priority access to high-occupancy vehicle(HOV)lanes,the highway capacity could be signifcantly improved with a CACC penetration as low as 20%.     

A Progressive Deployment Strategy for Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control to Improve Trafc Dynamics

Cooperative adaptive cruise control(CACC)vehicles are intelligent vehicles that use vehicular ad hoc networks(VANETs)to share trafc information in real time.Previous studies have shown that CACC could have an impact on increasing highway capacities at high market penetration.Since reaching a high CACC market penetration level is not occurring in the near future,this study presents a progressive deployment approach that demonstrates to have a great potential of reducing trafc congestions at low CACC penetration levels.Using a previously developed microscopic trafc simulation model of a freeway with an on-ramp—created to induce perturbations and trigger stop-and-go trafc,the CACC system s efect on the trafc performance is studied.The results show signifcance and indicate the potential of CACC systems to improve trafc characteristics which can be used to reduce trafc congestion.The study shows that the impact of CACC is positive and not only limited to a high market penetration.By giving CACC vehicles priority access to high-occupancy vehicle(HOV)lanes,the highway capacity could be signifcantly improved with a CACC penetration as low as 20%.     

10 kV配网供电可靠性技术的思考

随着我国社会经济的不断发展,人们对电力系统可靠性的要求不断提高。10 kV配网供电直接影响着我国各行业的安全运行。为了保障社会用电,我国加大了对城市管网的改造力度。通过分析影响配网供电可靠性的因素,提出了提高配网供电可靠性的措施。     

Addressing the CO2 dilemma

Perspectives are offered for reducing the impact of huge amounts of CO₂ produced today from power generation and transportation vehicles. The origins of the dilemma between the world’s increasing use of hydrocarbons as an energy source and the cogeneration of CO₂ which results as a co-product are discussed. Hydrocarbons will provide much of the fuel needs for these major, global industries for the next 20 years and meet 60% of the world’s energy demand. With the growth of both power generation and transportation vehicles around the world, CO₂ levels will continue to increase in the atmosphere. Renewables such as wind, dams, and biomass will not be able to handle all the energy demand. Technology breakthroughs are needed to reduce the world’s dependence on fossil fuels, which will be aggravated by the drive to use more coal. Current approaches for removing CO₂ are discussed as well as near term and future options with particular focus on how catalysis can offer some solutions. In particular, solar photocatalysis based approaches offer a potentially viable energy solution.     

ITS无线接入网业务建模和调度方法设计

首先介绍了面向智能交通系统(Intelligent Transportation System,ITS)的无线接入网网络结构和主要业务,对车路协同业务和PTT语音业务进行了分析和建模。然后根据不同业务的特点及QoS需求提出具有针对性的调度方案:对于车路协同业务,采用适应车速的动态调度方法;对于PTT语音业务,采用基于状态转换的调度方法;对于视频和其他对时延不敏感的数据业务,采用缓存请求的调度方式。最后在OPNET平台上对调度方法进行仿真,针对各种ITS业务得出延时、丢包率等性能曲线,验证了算法的有效性,这也为ITS接入网的网络设计提供了参考。     

复杂光照下的缩微道路车道线检测方法

为了解决复杂光照下的缩微道路车道线检测问题,提出了一种适用于复杂光照下的缩微道路车道线检测方法。首先运用朴素贝叶斯对不同光照下的车道图像进行分类,然后对分类后的车道图像采取相应的图像处理方法,最后运用改进的大津法和改进概率霍夫变换来检测车道线。对多段不同光照模式下的车道图像进行的仿真实验表明,该方法对缩微道路车道线检测的成功率达到95.5%,具有很强的鲁棒性和抗干扰能力。     

智能公交移动平台实时查询客户端

随着智能手机和高速移动网络的普及,智能公交查询系统作为一个城市化的公共信息平台,可较大程度上方便广大民众的日常出行．目前,Android平台上的公交查询客户端分为两种,一种是查询静态信息,如换乘方案,线路信息等,另外一种是公交实时运行状况的查询．本文在传统设计的基础上,采用本地数据库和HTTP连接双重查询方式,通过解析JSON数据,设计并实现了具有自动刷新功能的移动平台公交实时查询软件．在查询站点信息和线路信息基础上,将线路上即将到站车辆的运行位置信息实时显示在页面上,从而使用户清晰的了解当前公交运行情况,适当调节自己的出行计划,具有较高的现实意义．