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1.
aneta Polkowska Jacek Namienik Jacek Czerwiski & Bogdan Zygmunt 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》1996,31(5):387-395
Applicability of thin-layer headspace (TLHS) procedure giving an aqueous concentrate and also classical purge and trap (PT) in off-line mode to isolate and enrich volatile organohalogen compounds in common beverages was tested. Both enrichment tech-niques were used in combination with gas chromatography – electron capture detection (GC-ECD). TLHS, combined with direct aqueous injection (DAI)-GC-ECD, proved applicable in the determination of volatile organohalogen compounds in all studied beverages, while the PT in a version with no preliminary sample pre-treatment was of limited applicability. Detection limits of the TLHS-based procedure were in the order of 1 ppt. Content of volatile organohalogen compounds in a number of beverages available on the Polish market including mineral waters, beers, juices, carbonated and non-carbonated soft drinks, etc. was determined by means of TLHS-DAI-GC-ECD. 相似文献
2.
在含有腐殖酸的水样中加入邻苯二酚进行氯化试验,分析pH值、氯化时间、温度和投氯量等因素对生成消毒副产物的影响,结果表明:随着pH值的升高,三卤甲烷的浓度逐渐增大而卤乙酸的浓度逐渐降低;三卤甲烷和卤乙酸的浓度随氯化时间的延长而增大;高温条件下三卤甲烷和卤乙酸的生成能力均大于低温条件;在一定范围内随着投氯量增加,三卤甲烷和卤乙酸的生成量也不断增加. 相似文献
3.
An effective technology in controlling trihalomethanes (THMs) formation in the case of large amounts of bromide presenting was proposed, and the water of River Huang seriously polluted by bromide in winter in Tianjin City was studied. The THMs formation characteristics during prechloramination using preformed chloramines and converted chloramines were studied through jar tests. Results show that, in prechloramination process, the formation of THMs by preformed chloramines is very few, while that by converted ehloramines is a little higher. And the formation of THMs, especially Br^- substituted THMs, increases with the increase of time and Cl2:N ratio as well as the decrease of pH. The result obtained in a pilot plant shows that compared with prechlorination, the prechloramination process can efficiently control the formation of THMs, especially the Br^- substituted species. With equal chlorine dosage, the prechloramination can maintain a larger chlorine residue which offece, a larger CT value than prechlorination. 相似文献
4.
Trihalomethanes minimization in drinking water by coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation with natural coagulant Moringa oleifera Lam and activated carbon filtration 下载免费PDF全文
5.
咸潮对氯消毒中三卤甲烷的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
受咸潮影响的出厂水三卤甲烷比非咸潮时高5倍,其中三溴甲烷增加10~4倍,远远大于三氯甲烷,4种THM8含量顺序发生了倒置,即CHBr_3>CHBr_2Cl>CHBrCl_2>CHCl_3。在管网中咸潮污染的出厂水和未污染水混合,加之余氯的作用,使得管网水中三卤甲烷(THMs)的种类分配再次发生变化。结合国内外的资料,综合评述了咸潮中溴化物与氯的反应及Br-THMs形成的机理,并提出了在咸潮期间控制饮用水中氯化消毒产物的思路。 相似文献
6.
控制管网中消毒副产物生成是研究热点,对管网消毒副产物变化规律进行研究,可为控制管网消毒副产物提供指导。在管网中,余氯、季节变化和管材是影响管网消毒副产物的重要因素,余氯量越大,THMs和HAAs的量就越多;季节变化主要会影响化学作用和微生物活性,消毒副产物的生成速率随温度的升高而显著加快,夏秋生成的消毒副产物更多,春冬生成的消毒副产物相对少一些;铁管的腐蚀能使消毒副产物增加,但产生的Fe2+也能使部分消毒副产物被还原。HAAs与AOC前体物间具有相似性,含量呈正相关性,存在较好的线形关系。 相似文献
7.
Analysis of samples taken at the Gentilly 2 (Québec) CANDU-PHW (CANadian Deuterium Uranium - Pressurized Heavy Water) plant after chlorination and demineralization revealed the presence of all four trihalomethanes (THMs) (CHCl3, CHBrCl2, CHBr2Cl and CHBr3) and other unidentified halogenated volatile compounds. Among the THMs, chloroform was the major contaminant. A study of its thermal stability in water at different temperatures confirmed the degradation of the CHCl3 molecule according to the equation CHCl3 + H2O → CO + 3 HCl. The reaction follow a first order kinetics and has an activation energy of 100 kJ/mol. The estimated half-life is six seconds at 260°C, the maximum temperature of the steam-condensate cycle. 相似文献
8.
Several important reaction processes which influence the analysis of chloroform by direct aqueous injection (DAI) gas chromatography have been identified through an investigation of the chlorination reactions of humic acid and a series of simple polyhydroxyaromatic and diketone model compounds in dilute solution. The reaction of chlorine with each substrate system was studied over the pH range 2–12. Gas chromatographic analysis by the DAI and organic solvent liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) procedures gave different measurements for the yield of CHCl3 depending on the pH of the reaction solution and the chemical structure of the substrate. Under acidic and neutral conditions, a variety of trichloromethyl-substituted intermediates were identified at high concentrations in addition to chloroform by GC/MS. Chloral hydrate, trichloroacetic acid, pentachloroacetone and hexachloroacetone undergo hydrolysis and/or decarboxylation to form CHCl3 at the high injection port temperatures employed in aqueous injection GC analysis. The results obtained in the current study indicate that the decomposition of these and structurally-related species accounts for differences previously observed upon application of the DAI and either the LLE or purge-and-trap techniques for the determination of CHCl3 in chlorinated natural waters. 相似文献
9.
本研究以典型氨基糖类物质D-(+)-葡萄糖胺为研究对象,采用氯消毒方式,探究了D-(+)-葡萄糖胺是否是卤代碳、氮消毒副产物三卤甲烷(THMs)和三氯硝基甲烷(TCNM)的前驱物,明确其THMs和TCNM生成势及投氯量、p H值、溴离子浓度、亚硝酸根离子浓度这对其生成势的影响。结果表明:D-(+)-葡萄糖胺是THMs和TCNM的主要前驱物,三氯甲烷是氯消毒过程中主要的THMs物种。增大投氯量,HNMs和TCNM的生成势均升高;随着p H值的增大,THMs的生成势升高,TCNM的生成势先升高后降低;随着溴离子浓度和亚硝酸根离子浓度的增大,THMs的生成势均为先升高后降低,而TCNM生成势在高溴离子和高亚硝酸根离子浓度下则表现出被抑制的趋势。 相似文献
10.