Bruising on ostrich carcasses and the implications on the microbiology and losses in utilizable meat when removing them post-evisceration or post-chilling

Bruising on ostrich carcasses reduces meat yield. These bruises are usually removed as part of the primary meat inspection, performed directly after evisceration. Three separate studies were conducted to determine the advantages and disadvantages of removing the bruises at primary meat inspection or after overnight cooling of the ostrich carcasses (0–4 °C). The bruised areas were also investigated to determine their frequency and distribution and to establish the most obvious causes and possible preventative measures. The neck bruises represented 52.58% of all bruises; the high side railings of the transport vehicles being the most probable cause. Large and multiple bruising were probably from the trampling of birds lying down. It was established that trimming bruises on warm carcasses caused higher total aerobic viable counts on the trimmed surfaces than cold trimming. Cold trimming together with better management of trimming practices also led to a decrease in meat yield losses.     

一种新型CMOS电流模带隙基准源的设计

设计了一种新型电流模带隙基准源电路和一个3bit的微调电路。该带隙基准源可以输出可调的基准电压和基准电流,避免了在应用中使用运算放大器进行基准电压放大和利用外接高精度电阻产生基准电流的缺点,同时该结构克服了传统电流模带隙基准源的系统失调、输出电压的下限限制以及电源抑制比低等问题。该带隙基准源采用0.5μm CMOS混合信号工艺进行实现,有效面积450μm×480μm;测试结果表明在3 V电源电压下消耗1.5mW功耗,电源抑制比在1 kHz下为72dB,当温度从-40～85°C变化时,基准电压的有效温度系数为30×10-6V/°C。该带隙基准电路成功应用在一款高速高分辨率模数转换器电路中。     

使软压光机切纸边圆刀脱离DCS控制

K ü sters软压光机原配的切纸边圆刀设备操作是在DCS系统圆刀页面用键盘输入,原设计者只考虑了集中控制的优越性,但是忽略了切纸圆刀操作的安全实用性,易造成意外.通过更改软硬件,在圆刀机架旁操作,既安全又方便.本文详细介绍了纸边圆刀动作功能、DS/TS侧操作箱新增按钮、FB66相关步新改程序、FB10新增附加复位程序等改动的软硬件情况.     

Production of lactic acid from vine‐trimming wastes and viticulture lees using a simultaneous saccharification fermentation method

An effective process for the chemical–biotechnological utilization of trimming wastes of vineshoots, an agricultural waste with little use, is reported. Initial treatment with sulfuric acid (prehydrolysis) allowed the solubilization of hemicelluloses to give xylose and glucose‐containing liquors (suitable to make fermentation media for lactic acid production with Lactobacillus pentosus) and a solid phase containing cellulose and lignin. The solid residues from prehydrolysis were treated with NaOH in order to increase their cellulase digestibility. In the alkaline treatments, the effects of temperature (in the range, 50–130 °C), reaction time (30–120 min) and NaOH concentration (4–12 wt% of solution) on the composition and susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis of solid residues were assessed by means of an experimental plan with factorial structure. The lignin content decreased, whereas the susceptibility towards the enzymatic hydrolysis increased with temperature, reaction time and NaOH concentration within the tested range. Using the cellulosic residues achieved under the harsher conditions, favorable fermentation kinetics during simultaneous saccharification and fermentation carried out by L rhamnosus for lactic acid production were observed. The nutrients employed were the complete MRS broth and a cheaper medium developed using viticulture lees coming from the white wine making technology. In all cases the final lactic acid concentration achieved was similar, although the volumetric productivity was lower when using lees due to inhibitory effects over the enzymatic hydrolysis. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

翼子板合并件修边排料工艺优化设计

针对翼子板合并件在修边工序中存在合并部位废料排出困难的问题,对原修边工艺进行了分析和优化,设计了一种"冲孔+分切"的修边排料工艺方案,有效解决了翼子板合并部位废料排出困难问题,对同类零件的工艺设计具有参考意义。     

厚膜混合集成电路常见工艺缺陷及其消除方法

除设计和材料外，工艺和操作对厚膜混合集成电路的质量和性能也有较大的影响。分析了厚膜混合集成电路生产过程中一些常见的工艺缺陷，如线条变形、起泡、阻值不稳、元件受损、锡珠等的产生原因，并提出了相应的消除方法。     

关系数据库语义缓存的研究进展

语义缓存是优化数据库性能的有效方法,在关系数据库领域得到了广泛研究和应用。它是将查询结果和相关语义信息缓存,从而为将来的查询提供解答。本文首先介绍了语义 缓存的基本概念和原理,然后对现有语义缓存技术进行了分类,最后结合语义缓存的发展趋势讨论了语义缓存的关键技术。     

滚切式双边剪剪刃间隙平行度偏差分析

双边剪剪刃的间隙与钢板厚度关系直接决定剪切钢板边部质量的好坏,文章主要分析剪刃间隙的平行度的不一致对钢板边部质量的影响,提出在生产过程中采取的处理方法和预防措施。     

基于功能建模的多边折弯机规避与创新设计

探讨了如何在进行产品研发创新突破的同时还能有效规避专利侵权的风险。首先根据产品研发需求,全面准确地确定目标专利,有效提取专利技术特征中的明确组件与不明确组件。再通过组件分析确定组件层级,判断组件间的功能及类型,进行产品的功能建模。然后结合裁剪策略对功能建模的模型进行修剪,得到侵权风险较小的创新方案后,将方案次生问题转换成TRIZ标准问题,通过求解形成改进的创新方案。最后运用侵权判定原则和方法判定组合方案是否存在侵权风险。通过总结优化现有规避方法,得到基于TRIZ的创新规避方法,并以高效率的多边折弯机为研究对象,经判定运用该方法得到的方案无侵权风险,实际上该方法对不同行业领域的产品创新与专利规避设计均具有借鉴与指导意义。     

Simultaneous lactic acid and xylitol production from vine trimming wastes

Hemicellulosic hydrolyzates from vineshoot trimmings obtained by dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis were evaluated for xylitol production by Debaryomyces hansenii NRRL Y‐7426. Bioconversion was not efficient, however, since a mixture of products (mainly ethanol) was achieved. Taking into account that hexoses (such as glucose or mannose) can inhibit xylose metabolism by repression and inactivation of the xylose transport system or catabolic enzymes and that these hemicellulosic hydrolyzates are characterized by a high glucose concentration, a novel technology was developed, sequentially transforming glucose into lactic acid by Lactobacillus rhamnosus followed by fermentation of xylose into xylitol by Debaryomyces hansenii after L. rhamnosus removal by microfiltration. Optimal conditions were achieved using detoxified concentrated hemicellulosic hydrolyzates, after CaCO₃ addition in both stages of fermentation and using nitrogen purges after sampling in order to reduce the oxygen dissolved. Under these conditions 31.5 g lactic acid L^?1 (Q_LA = 1.312 g L^?1 h^?1 and Y_LA/S = 0.93 g g^?1) and 27.5 g xylitol L^?1 (Q_Xylitol = 0.458 g L^?1 h^?1 and Y_Xylitol/S = 0.53 g g^?1) were produced. Finally, lactic acid was selectively recovered using the resin Amberlite IRA 400 (0.0374 g of lactic acid g^?1 of dry resin), allowing a further recovery of xylitol by sequential stages of adsorption, concentration, ethanol precipitation, concentration and crystallization to obtain food‐grade xylitol according to a developed process. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry