垂直管内弹状气泡上升中壁面传递的实验研究

垂直管内弹状流壁面传递是诸多工业应用中需研究的重要问题之一。今用极限扩散电流技术,对弹状气泡上升时瞬时壁面剪应力和传质系数进行了测定,结果显示:当基于表观气速的Froude数FrG < 0.74时,壁面剪应力随弹状气泡和液塞的到来呈现方向相反的交替变化,壁面传质系数亦相应变化;而当FrG > 0.74时,剪应力方向一直向下,说明液膜向下流动,且弹状气泡和液塞的到来对壁面传质系数的影响很小。这说明下落液膜射流穿透了液塞段,控制了整个壁面传递过程。研究还对下落液膜区、尾迹区及液塞段的不同传递特征及机理进行了分析, 并结合气泡塔熔融结晶器中弹状气泡上升时的传热,对结晶操作条件的合理选择进行了讨论。     

Development of the meshless finite volume particle method with exact and efficient calculation of interparticle area

The Finite Volume Particle Method (FVPM) is a meshless method based on a definition of interparticle area which is closely analogous to cell face area in the classical finite volume method. In previous work, the interparticle area has been computed by numerical integration, which is a source of error and is extremely expensive. We show that if the particle weight or kernel function is defined as a discontinuous top-hat function, the particle interaction vectors may be evaluated exactly and efficiently. The new formulation reduces overall computational time by a factor between 6.4 and 8.2. In numerical experiments on a viscous flow with an analytical solution, the method converges under all conditions. Significantly, in contrast with standard FVPM and SPH, error depends on particle size but not on particle overlap (as long as the computational domain is completely covered by particles). The new method is shown to be superior to standard FVPM for shock tube flow and inviscid steady transonic flow. In benchmarking on a viscous multiphase flow application, FVPM with exact interparticle area is shown to be competitive with a mesh-based volume-of-fluid solver in terms of computational time required to resolve the structure of an interface.     

螺旋槽管外含高浓度不凝组分蒸汽冷凝传热研究

分析了含高浓度不凝组分蒸汽在立式螺旋槽管表面强制对流冷凝的传热机理。在不凝性组分体积百分浓度超过９０％时，螺旋槽管的强化传热效果不明显，而含量为４４％～９０％时，螺旋槽管总换热系数比光滑管提高２０％～３５％。     

异形管内水力、传热性能的数值模拟

通过数值计算考察了横纹管、缩放管两种异形管内的流动与传热性能。计算时采用标准k-ε湍流模型：采用控制容积法对控制方程进行离散化；采用SIMPLE算法进行压力修正：代数方程采用超松弛法迭代求解。很出了在充分发展流时的传热努塞尔数、速度、瘴撩系数及湍动能分布，并与光滑管内的流动传热进行了比较，分析了异形管在强化传热方面的机理。计算结果和实验值比较吻合。     

氮化硅结合碳化硅管状制品的研制

简介了氮化硅结合碳化硅管状制品研制的必要性 ,确定了原材料及粒度配比 ,选择了合适的成型方法及添加剂 ,介绍了氮化烧成机理。研制出的制品其质量和使用性能接近同类进口产品 ,具有良好的市场前景和广泛的推广应用价值。     

管井和轻型真空井点组合 在某电厂深基坑降水中的应用

以某电厂翻车机室为研究对象, 针对其深基坑降水降深大, 工期紧等特点, 主要介绍了该工程的工程地质及水 文地质条件, 并且运用管井和轻型真空井点组合降水的方法, 设计了基坑降水处理的施工方案, 确定了降水的各个 参数。实践证明, 管井和轻型真空井点组合应用效果良好, 有效保证了工程的顺利进行, 加快了工程进度, 缩短了工 期。结合实例提出了降水过程中应注意的问题及应对措施。     

Development of high‐definition aqueous polyvinylpyrrolidone photoresists for cathode ray tubes

Aqueous photoresists that are capable of higher resolutions than are currently employed by the cathode ray tube (CRT) industry were developed by combining photoactivators, which activate at shorter UV wavelengths with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Two photoactivators were synthesized: 4,4′‐diazido‐2,2′‐biphenyl disodium disulfonate (DABP), which has a maximum absorbance at 264 nm, and 4,4′‐diazido‐2,2′‐biphenylethane disodium disulfonate (DABPE), which has a maximum absorbance at 258 nm. The PVP/DABP and PVP/DABPE photoresists successfully imaged a pattern with resolution as small as 4.4 μm with photoactivator concentrations greater than 20% of the PVP concentration. Addition of silane and emulgen greatly improved the performance of the photoresists with more uniform coatings of thicknesses of up to 1.4 μm. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 1637–1644, 2006     

Side-outlet spouted bed with draft tube: Effect of varying the position of the outlet

The vector form of the Ergun equation was used to numerically predict gas phase streamlines, residence time distributions, chemical conversions and pressure drops in the annulus of a side-outlet spouted bed with an internal draft tube. By varying the position of the side-outlet, it was demonstrated that there exists an optimum location for this outlet at which conversion is a maximum and which shows a greatly improved gas phase residence time distribution in the annulus compared with a conventional spouted bed unit.     

考虑纤维波动[＋φ／-φ]缠绕角管件的轴向弹性模量计算方法

本文在计算[ φ/-φ]缠绕角管件的轴向弹性模量时,通过引入纤维波动程度参数来计入纤维波动的影响,理论计算结果与层板理论计算结果相比更接近实验结果,说明本文提出的算法,可在一定程度上计入纤维波动的影响。     

NT－C炭黑在内胎胶中的应用试验

在汽车内胎胶中以改性活性炭炭黑（ＮＴ－Ｃ）增量代替半补强炭黑，微调配方，不改变工艺，成品物理机械性能不受影响，此胶料密度小、价格低，热拉伸变形小。