乙醇沉淀法测定葡聚糖浓度方法探讨

研究采用乙醇沉淀法测定葡聚糖浓度实验方法,结果表明：乙醇与葡聚糖溶液体积比大于等于1∶1时,溶液产生较大浊度;反应时间在30 min以上时,溶液浊度相对稳定;但大量实验研究结果表明：葡聚糖溶液浓度与浊度之间线性关系不好,且溶液产生的浊度重复性很差。     

呼延水厂低温低浊水的絮凝试验研究

针对太原市呼延水厂出水浊度不达标的问题进行了絮凝试验研究.结果表明:该厂原水属低温低浊水,有机胶体较多,絮凝效果差,其根本原因是絮凝剂投量不足.进一步的试验表明:以聚合氯化铝(PAC)为絮凝剂、以活化硅酸为助凝剂,除浊效果较好;活化硅酸的投加时间对絮凝效果有较大的影响,以快速混合用时1min、聚合氯化铝投量为15 mg/L、延迟30 s后投加0.5～1mg/L的活化硅酸(以SiO2,计)为最佳运行条件;滤池反冲洗排水回流至配水井有利于低温低浊水的处理,并可节省絮凝剂或助凝剂的投量.     

Assessing filter robustness at drinking water treatment plants

This investigation explores the use of five‐parameter logistic curve fitting in quantifying turbidity robustness and risk scoring in clarification and filtrations stages of several surface water treatment works in the Anglian Water region of the United Kingdom. The approach taken reviews different scoring systems and addresses issues of weighting, averages and variability in robustness performance using turbidity robustness indices (TRIs). It also proposes an area‐based risk scoring profile to assess performance [relative area profile for T₉₀ (RAP₉₀)]. The metrics produced are considered to be a logical and rational way to help prioritise where resources for water treatment operation should be deployed.     

Sediment and discharge yields within a minimally disturbed,headwater watershed in North Central Pennsylvania,USA, with an emphasis on Superstorm Sandy

We estimated discharge and suspended sediment (SS) yield in a minimally disturbed watershed in North Central Pennsylvania, USA, and compared a typical storm (September storm, 4.80 cm) to a large storm (Superstorm Sandy, 7.47 cm rainfall). Depending on branch, Sandy contributed 9.7–19.9 times more discharge and 11.5–37.4 times more SS than the September storm. During the September storm, the upper two branches accounted for 60.6% of discharge and 88.8% of SS at Lower Branch; during Sandy these percentages dropped to 36.1% for discharge and 30.1% for SS. The branch with close proximity roads had over two‐three times per area SS yield than the branch without such roads. Hysteresis loops showed typical clockwise patterns for the September storm and more complicated patterns for Sandy, reflecting the multipeak event. Estimates of SS and hysteresis in minimally disturbed watersheds provide useful information that can be compared spatially and temporally to facilitate management.     

PAFS-PDMDAAC复合絮凝剂的除磷效果研究

针对生物除磷稳定性差、效果欠佳的问题，研发了PAFS—PDMDAAC复合絮凝剂，考察了复合絮凝剂中PDMDAAC的复合比、污水pH值及复合絮凝剂投量对除磷效果的影响。结果表明，将絮凝剂配成质量分数为10％的液体，在PDMDAAC复合比为5％、液体复合絮凝剂投量为1．6～2．4mL／L、污水pH值为7～13的优化条件下，对模拟废水中磷的去除率〉97％，除浊率〉99．40％。同时考察了在优化试验条件下复合絮凝剂对实际污水的除磷效果，结果表明，除磷率达98．42％，除浊率为98．53％，出水中磷浓度可达到国家一级排放标准。     

冰浆清洗技术对小口径球墨铸铁给水管道的清洗效果

介绍了一种新的管道清洗技术——冰浆清洗技术,该技术通过注入冰浆来清洗管道内壁,去除管道中的矿物沉积物、生物膜以及其他沉积物,该技术无需管道开挖、耗时短、耗水量少,能快速恢复供水,而且不会带来二次污染。针对小口径球墨铸铁给水管道的清洗结果表明,冰浆清洗后管网水浊度降低了约76%,清洗效果良好,清洗后水质达到《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749—2006)的要求。     

高浊度矿井水处理中混凝剂投加方式研究

针对高浊度矿井水胶粒含量大、粒径小、体积质量小等水质特点,开展了混凝剂聚合氯化铝(PAC)与聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)不同投加方式的混凝试验研究,考察了混凝剂各投加方式下的最佳剂量及处理效果,并对PAC与PAM最佳投加间隔时间进行分析.结果表明,原水浊度为2 450 NTU,采用先投加0.5 mg/L浓度PAM,后投加100 mg/L浓度PAC及0.4 mg/L浓度PAM的混凝剂投加方式,出水浊度取得最低值4.6 NTU,总药剂成本最低.PAC与PAM不同投加间隔时间中,PAM的投加点滞后于PAC投加点120 s时混凝效果最佳.     

阳离子表面活性剂CTAC对硫酸铝混凝除浊的影响

研究了阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)在不同pH条件下对硫酸铝混凝除浊的影响。结果表明,含有CTAC的原水在适当的搅拌强度下能发生一定的絮凝作用。使用硫酸铝作为混凝剂时,低浓度的CTAC (≤50mg/L)可适当增强其混凝除浊效果,而高浓度的CTAC(100mg/L)则干扰其混凝。CTAC通过静电引力吸附于高岭土颗粒表面,因而其对硫酸铝混凝除浊的影响是通过电性中和及吸附架桥两种机理的结合而完成的,两者以何为主,视pH值、CTAC和硫酸铝的浓度而定。     

鄂尔多斯盆地华池地区长 6 油层组重力流特征及控制因素

以岩心观察为基础,通过岩石学特征和原生沉积构造等相标志分析,认为华池地区长 6 油层组主要 包括砂质碎屑流和浊流 2 种重力流沉积,但二者发育位置存在差异。 其中,砂质碎屑流位于上游,浊流位 于下游。 砂质碎屑流和浊流在沉积上的差异,决定了其储层特征的差异,相对于浊流砂体,砂质碎屑流砂 体成分成熟度更低,填隙物含量更低,储层物性更好和含油性更好。 华池地区长 6 油层组储层中填隙物类 型主要为伊利石、钙质和绿泥石膜,砂质碎屑流砂体中伊利石和钙质含量较高,浊流砂体中绿泥石膜含量 较高。 华池地区长 6 油层组储层主要储集空间为原生粒间孔和粒内溶孔,而且砂质碎屑流砂体的面孔率 明显高于浊流砂体。 砂质碎屑流砂体中长石含量较高,为溶蚀作用提供了更多的物质基础,因此砂质碎屑 流砂体中的粒内溶孔较浊流砂体发育,这是该砂体储层物性好于浊流砂体的重要原因。     

Determining the Efficacy of a Submersible in situ Fluorometric Device for Cyanobacteria Monitoring Coalesced with Total Suspended Solids Characteristic of Lowland Reservoirs

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effect of turbid water on a fluourometric device designed to detect phycocyanin and chlorophyll a in cyanobacteria cells in vivo. Cell densities corresponding to the Blue Green Algae Alert levels endorsed by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council and adopted by numerous water resource managers were coalesced with a range of total suspended solids at defined gradients characteristic of lowland freshwater ecosystems. The parameters of interest were phycocyanin and chlorophyll a. Microcystis aeruginosa was the experimental organism used to establish cell densities consistent with the three‐stage alert level framework. We found phycocyanin to be an effective measure for detecting M. aeruginosa at concentrations prescribed within the cyanobacterial alert levels (Green, Amber and Red) in turbid waters up to 200 Nephelometric Turbidity Units. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.