“河性行曲”力学机理之边壁泥沙的临界起动条件

在借鉴水流紊动相干结构研究成果的基础上,深层次揭示了紊流紊动涡体猝发、喷射、清扫的过程中对边壁泥沙颗粒的抽吸、挖掘的力学机理;系统概括了河道岸壁泥沙颗粒从起动,到进入水体,促使顺直河道发育成犬牙交错的边滩,并逐步演变为弯曲性河道的全过程;进而在对边壁泥沙颗粒受力分析的基础上,运用涡能理论,提出了边壁泥沙起动的临界条件;并根据黄河的实际情况进行了分析,认为河流边界的糙率、水深等数值越大,泥沙越容易起动。     

刚性淹没双层植被明渠水流紊流特性研究

文章采用标准 紊流模型,结合雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程,对刚性淹没双层植被明渠水流特性进行了研究。计算所得的流速值与实测值吻合良好,表明计算方法可行。进而根据空间及时间的双平均理论,给出了双平均条件下的明渠流速,雷诺应力及紊动能分布,并对紊动能平衡方程中的各项进行了分析。结果可以看出,刚性双层淹没植被作用下,垂向流速分布曲线由三个拐点将其划分为四个区域;雷诺应力及紊动能分布在植被顶端明显增强,高植被顶端各项值均大于低植被顶端相应值;紊动能平衡方程中的紊动耗散项及压力耗散项在紊动能平衡方程中起着主导作用;植被顶端区域产生的涡,通过喷射和扫掠作用使其附近水体发生质量及动量交换。     

PIV与PLIF同步测量方法在湍流扩散研究中的应用

为了定量分析湍流中浓度、温度等标量的输运过程,需要同时获取流场空间内速度和标量的脉动值,以确定湍流扩散特征量。详细介绍了同步应用粒子图像测速与平面激光诱导荧光技术开展测量和数据处理的方法,并应用该方法获取了槽道内两种流体的湍流扩散通量等特征量。研究结果表明,该方法可有效地应用于湍流扩散研究领域。     

基于CFBR-Ⅱ堆中子辐射场的硅整流二极管辐照效应试验研究

以中国第Ⅱ号快中子脉冲反应堆(CFBR-Ⅱ)为试验平台,采用高功率稳定和多注量点拟合的试验方法测定了典型硅整流二极管的中子辐照实验损伤常数,验证了硅整流二极管的中子辐射损伤规律。试验结果表明:以正向压降为观测效应参数的硅整流二极管对于CFBR-Ⅱ堆泄漏中子能谱的试验损伤常数在3~4×10-15 V.cm2范围,硅整流二极管正向压降随中子注量的变化近似遵从指数增长规律。     

一种基于动态阈值的突发流量异常检测方法

网络异常流量检测是当前网络安全领域的热点问题。传统的基于信息熵的检测方法大多采用固定阈值,无法动态适应不断变化的网络环境。针对该问题提出了一种改进的基于信息熵的突发流量检测方法,能根据正常历史流量的熵值动态调整阈值大小。实验结果表明,该方法对DDo S和Flash Crowd这两种情形引起的突发流量具有较好的检测效果。     

搅拌反应器流场的数值模拟

使用数值模拟的方法研究了一种搅拌反应器的流场特点,采用k-ε两方程湍流模型分析流场,采用多重参考系法处理搅拌桨区域.结果显示:改进的弧形叶桨形成的流场具有典型的径向流特点,而且轴向流动有所加强;标准k-ε模型和RNG k-ε模型均能较准确地预测搅拌槽内轴向的最大速率,但RNG k-ε模型所得结果更为准确;搅拌槽内的湍流能量主要产生于桨叶周边区域和槽近壁区域;但是桨叶下方区域受循环流动的影响比较弱,而且k值比较小,应该使桨叶更接近槽底部,或者采用带45°倾角的折叶桨,从而加强桨叶的轴向输送能力,改善混合效果.     

Numerical Simulation of Rock Burst in Circular Tunnels Under Unloading Conditions

Rock burst in a circular tunnel under high in-situ stress conditions was investigated with a numerical method coupled the rock failure process theory (RFPA) and discontinuous deformation theory (DDA).Some numerical tests were carraied out to investigate the failuer patterns of circular tunnel under unloading conditions.Compared the results under loading conditions, the shapes of failure zones are more regular under the unloading conditions.The failure patterns in the same type of rock mass are clearly different because of non-homogeneity of the rock material.The extension of cracks shows some predictability with an increasing of in-situ stress.When the homogeneity index of rocks (m) is either relatively high or low and lateral pressure coefficients (λ) is high, the number of regular shear slide cracks decreases and the probability of a rock burst also becomes lower.Our numerical simulation results show that the stability of surface rock and the natural bedding stratification of rock material greatly affect rock bursts.Installing bolts with due diligence and suitably can effectively prevent rock bursts.However, it is not effective to control rock bursts by releasing the strain energy with normal pre-boreholes.     

锦屏二级引水隧道软化围岩法防治岩爆效果的数值试验与应用

锦屏二级水电站引水隧洞穿越锦屏山主峰山体,隧洞由于埋深大、高地应力,洞室开挖极易引起岩爆,因此探讨如何有效防治岩爆危害,确保施工安全是当务之急.以该T程为背景,通过数值模拟试验,分析了隧道钻爆法施工中采取喷水软化围岩措施对减弱岩爆或防治岩爆的效果.数值分析表明:围岩喷水软化后,隧道洞周主压应力峰值明显减小,主拉应力值也...     

煤矿冲击矿压的分级预测研究

针对煤矿冲击矿压灾害,研究了冲击危险性的监测原理和冲击矿压危险的分级预测准则.通过连续监测预警技术和系统集成,应用综合指数法、微震法、电磁辐射法和钻屑法,形成冲击矿压的时空分级预测技术体系,即在时间上对冲击危险进行早期综合分析预测与即时预测相结合,在空间上进行区域预测与局部监测、点预测相结合,对冲击矿压的危险性根据危险指数的大小,按无、弱、中等和强冲击危险4级进行预测.根据预测的冲击矿压危险等级,采取加强监测、解危、甚至撤人等防治对策.工程实践表明,采用该技术,可大大提高冲击危险预测的准确性,取得良好的应用效果.     

Burst pulses for positive corona discharges in atmospheric air: the collective movement of charged species

Positive corona burst pulses are an unstable pulse mode. They appear in a small range of the onset stage, and their current pulses result from the collective movement of charged species. This paper focused on the connections between these pulses and the collective movement of charged species. The movement of species is divided into four parts with respect to time: the(1) initial growth of species,(2) formation and development of the streamer region and negative ion sheath,(3) dead time(the time interval between the pulses), and(4) rapid re-growth of species.The movement of the species in the four parts and the correspondence with the current pulse were analyzed. The numerical results indicated the following: the rapid rising of the species matched the rising edge of the pulses, the streamer region, and negative ion sheath appeared in the falling edge of the primary pulse, and the rapid re-growth of species matched the re-ignition of the pulses. The results were in qualitative agreement with deductions and experimental observations in the literature.