特厚煤层区段煤柱宽度变化区冲击危险性分析及防治实践

为了分析特厚煤层区段煤柱宽度变化区的冲击危险性,以大佛寺煤矿40103回风巷煤柱宽度变化区域为研究对象,通过统计分析巷道掘进过程中煤柱宽度变化前后的微震、地音监测数据,以及锚杆、锚索轴力变化情况,分析煤柱宽度变化对冲击危险性的影响规律,得出煤柱宽度变化后冲击危险性升高的原因,提出弱化静载荷源、增强煤柱稳定性和提高支护强度等冲击地压防治措施。现场监测结果表明,采取的针对性防治措施大幅降低了冲击危险性,取得了良好的防控效果,保障了掘进工作面煤柱宽度变化后的安全生产,可为类似开采技术条件下的区段煤柱区域冲击地压防治提供技术参考。     

大倾角煤层孤岛工作面采动应力演化规律研究

为指导大倾角煤层孤岛工作面矿压防控,以王家山煤矿203工作面为工程背景,通过数值模拟和现场实践,揭示该类孤岛工作面采动应力演化规律及冲击危险性。结果表明：在北部采空区、小窑破坏区和东部采空区的耦合影响下,203工作面回风巷侧采动应力集中程度高于运输巷侧;203工作面周围煤岩体存在顶煤和底煤双剪切带,导致顶板侧顶煤在重力作用下易于破碎放出,而顶板侧底煤的应力集中程度进一步加剧。基于采动应力集中系数K的分区结果和现场钻屑监测,203工作面回风巷是矿压防治的重点区域。提出综合大直径钻孔卸压和煤体卸压爆破的分级解危措施并在现场实施,解危效果显著。     

Regulations and research on RC&S for hydrogen storage relevant to transport and vehicle issues with special focus on composite containments

Developers interested in high pressure storage of hydrogen for mobile use increasingly rely on composite cylinders for onboard storage or transport of dangerous goods. Thus, composite materials and systems deserve special consideration. History gives interesting background information important to the understanding of the current situation as to regulations, codes and standards.     

Numerical and physical requirements to simulation of gas release and dispersion in an enclosure with one vent

Numerical and physical requirements to simulations of sub-sonic release and dispersion of light gas in an enclosure with one vent are described and discussed. Six validation experiments performed at CEA in a fuel cell-like enclosure of sizes H × W × L = 126 × 93 × 93 cm with one vent, either W × H = 90 × 18 cm (vent A) or 18 × 18 cm (B) or 1 cm in diameter (C), with a vertical upward helium release from a pipe of internal diameter either 5 mm or 20 mm located 21 cm above the floor centre, were used in a parametric study comprising 17 numerical simulations. Three CFD models were applied, i.e. laminar, standard k-?, and dynamic LES Smagorinsky–Lilly, to clarify a range of their applicability and performance. The LES model consistently demonstrated the best performance in reproduction of measured concentrations throughout the whole range of experimental conditions, including laminar, transitional and turbulent releases even with large CFL numbers. The laminar and the standard k-? models were under performing in the reproduction of turbulent and laminar releases respectively, as expected, as well as in simulation of transitional flows. The laminar model demonstrated high sensitivity to the CFL (Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy) number even below the best practices limit of 40. Three different computational domains and grids were used in order to clarify the influence of mesh quality on the capability of simulations to reproduce the experimental data. It is concluded that physically substantiated choice of CFD model, the control of the CFL number (and released gas mass balance where appropriate), and the mesh quality can have a strong effect on the capability of simulations to reproduce experiments and, in general, on the reliability of CFD tools for application in hydrogen safety engineering.     

带压煤层底板构造致灾突水水量预测方法初探

由于底板构造突水水量的难以预测性,生产中常用底板疏降水量代替突水水量,导致矿井防排水系统建设的主要依据可靠度偏低。以霍州煤电集团大水矿区为例,分析了矿井正常涌水量、最大涌水量和突水水量的区别与联系,基于含水层补给能力和导水通道的过水能力两方面因素,构建了断裂和陷落柱2种导水通道的突水水量预测模型,提出了适用于构造突水情况的矿井涌水量预测修正方法。以霍州矿区2个矿井的资料为例进行验证,结果表明基于含水层补给能力的突水预测模型更符合实际突水情况,该矿区构造类突水水量的决定因素为含水层富水性。考虑底板突水因素,提出了矿井抗灾指标的计算方法,提高了抗灾系统指标的可靠性。     

邛崃1井氮气钻井事故分析(Ⅰ)——构成事故的重要事件

位于四川盆地西部的邛崃1井在侏罗系沙溪庙组地层实施氮气钻井时发生了恶性井喷爆燃事故,这是发生在我国的第一起氮气钻井事故,对尚处于起步阶段的气体钻井技术的发展产生了很大的负面影响,并已经导致了气体钻井应用的大幅度减少。因此,对该次事故进行系统分析并形成正确的认识将是恢复气体钻井技术良性发展的紧迫需要。为此,首先证明了地层产气量过大并非该井事故的根本原因,然后推测了构成事故的重要事件;首次发现气体钻井钻穿裂缝性气层时由于岩石突然爆碎而引发的岩石和天然气猛烈喷出的现象,并将这种现象命名为气体钻井中的"气炮式岩爆井喷",参考矿山行业术语简称"岩爆"或"岩炮"。研究结果表明:①在裂缝性致密砂岩气层中实施气体钻井时的"岩爆"现象是第一位的重要事件或根源事件;②岩爆的大量碎屑和高压气体喷入井内,并在井内反复产生堵塞和卡钻,是岩爆的诱发事件;③然而事故最直接的重要事件却是岩爆碎屑在排砂管线内的堵塞和由此产生的井口高压;④井口高压使得排砂管线爆裂并引发天然气喷出和爆燃,这是事故的直接表象。     

城郊矿煤样冲击倾向性指数的试验研究

利用 RMT-150B 伺服试验机对城郊矿煤样进行冲击倾向性试验,试验结果表明：测定冲击倾向性指数时煤样峰后变形特征与加载控制方式相关,测定动态破坏时间采用应力控制方式,冲击能量指数则采用应变控制方式;煤样的抗压强度与弹性模量、冲击能量指数、弹性能量指数和剩余能量指数呈正相关,而与动态破坏时间呈负相关,表明煤样抗压强度越高时发生冲击地压的危险程度越大;煤样的冲击能量指数与弹性能量指数,弹性能量指数与剩余能量指数均具有良好的正相关性;动态破坏时间与冲击能量指数具有呈良好负相关;剩余能量指标和弹性模量能否作为评判煤层冲击性等级划分有待进一步研究;城郊矿二2煤层煤样的动态破坏时间为306 ms、弹性能量指数为5.91、冲击能量指数为2.48、单轴抗压强度为8.86 MPa,依据规程模糊综合法评判二2煤层属于弱冲击类。     

Dynamic delayed detached eddy simulation of a multi‐inlet vortex reactor

The multi‐inlet vortex reactor (MIVR) is used for flash nanoprecipitation to manufacture functional nanoparticles. A validated computational fluid dynamics model is needed for the design, scale‐up, and optimization of the MIVR. Unfortunately, available Reynolds‐averaged Navier‐Stokes methods are unable to accurately model the highly swirling flow in the MIVR. Large‐eddy simulations (LES) are also problematic, as excessively fine grids are required to accurately model this flow. These dilemmas led to the application of the dynamic delayed detached eddy simulation (DDES) method to the MIVR. In the dynamic DDES model, the eddy viscosity has a form similar to the Smagorinsky sub‐grid viscosity in LES, which allows the implementation of a dynamic procedure to determine its model coefficient. Simulation results using the dynamic DDES model are found to match well with experimental data in terms of mean velocity and turbulence intensity, suggesting that the dynamic DDES model is a good option for modeling the turbulent swirling flow in the MIVR. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 2570–2578, 2016     

动载诱发巷道底板冲击失稳机制及防控技术

针对巷道底板冲击地压的特点,基于材料力学理论与能量原理,建立了巷道底板冲击失稳力学模型,推导出了巷道底板发生冲击失稳的能量判据。通过数值模拟方法,分析了深埋巷道底板水平应力和弹性应变能密度演化规律,得出巷道底板水平应力是底板冲击主要诱发因素,且当巷道埋深一定时,动载强度越大,则水平应力对底板动压显现的控制作用越显著。基于理论与数值模拟分析结果,提出了深埋巷道底板大直径钻孔卸压方法,并进行了现场测试,结果表明大直径钻孔底板卸压有效地解除了底板冲击,保障了巷道安全高效掘进,可为类似矿井巷道底板冲击地压防治提供参考。