Combustion of single char particles in a turbulent fluidized bed

The combustion of single bituminous char particles (4-12 mm diameter) was studied in a turbulent fluidized bed operated at 1098 K using air as the fluidising medium. Results indicated that particles burn with constant density following a shrinking sphere model. Burning rates are much higher than those observed in a bubbling fluidized bed. The rate of transfer of oxygen to the particle surface is also higher than that observed in bubbling beds. A model is proposed to calculate the Sherwood numbers of the burning carbon particles. Experimental values of the Sherwood numbers agree well with those predicted from the model.     

A Numerical Sirnulation of Gas-Particle Two-Phase Flow in a Suspension Bed Using DifFusion Flux Model

A mathematical modei of two-dimensional turbulent gas-particle twophase flow based on the modified diffusion flux modei (DFM) and a numerical simulation method to analyze the gas-particle flow structures are developed. The modified diffusion flux modei, in which the acceleration due to various forces is taken into account for the calculation of the diffusion velocity of particles, is applicable to the analysis of multi-dimensional gas-particle two-phase turbulent flow. In order to verify its accuracy and efficiency, the numerical simulation by DFM is compared with experimental studies and the prediction by k-ε-kp two-fluid modei, which shows a reasonable agreement. It is confirmed that the modified diffusion flux modei is suitable for simulating the multi-dimensional gas-particle two-phase flow.     

Ablation of ice-solids and wax-solids mixtures in turbulent axisymmetric water jets

The ablation rate of frozen mixtures of water or wax with finely divided solids subjected to a turbulent axisymmetric water jet was investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The range of the water jet Reynolds number was 8700–29300 and the jet temperature varied between 22 and 60°C. The solids used were very fine kaolinite clay, titanium oxide and aluminium powder. The type of solids and their concentration were found to affect the ablation rate of ice-solids and wax-solids mixtures. This is mainly due to changes in the physical properties of the melt layer of the water-solids or wax-solids mixtures which forms between the impinging jet and the frozen mixtures.     

大气湍流中光传播的数值模拟

大气分子等粒子的存在对光的空间传播通常会产生光束的扩展、漂移等的影响.文中在随机媒质中光的传播理论的基础上,分析了构造大气湍流随机相位屏所需要的条件,采用McGlamery算法和Huygens-Fresnel原理,数值模拟给出了Kolmogorov谱下的大气湍流随机相位屏.分析了光波从发射机经湍流大气传播到达接收机平面时的光场变化特征.模拟分析表明:大气分子等粒子的存在,对光的振幅及能量的空间分布均造成很大的影响.     

EFT/B interference transmission model and method of anti-interference in a coal mine monitoring substation

Coal mining monitoring system has been enforcing tests for the immunity of Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) since 2006.However,not all monitoring substations can pass the Electrical Fast Transient/Burst (EFT/B) immunity test and the explosion-proof test simultaneously.In order to enhance EMC,the EFT/B interfere transmission model was presented at the substation power port,after the EFT/B test method was used to analyze the monitoring substation power ports.Hence,a low-pass filter was designed by using the simulation software PIPICE and an anti-jamming method was proposed by way of a parallel connection of the discharge interfere circuit and the low-pass filter.The improved complex EMI filter was made up of an interference discharge device and a filter.The dynamic equivalent circuit was proposed for the EFT/B immunity test.As a result,the monitoring substation has passed the EFT/B immunity and explosion-proof tests with the complex filter.It is concluded that the complex EMI filter has significantly enhanced the immunity of the coal mining monitoring system.     

一种支持多业务承载的广义光突发汇聚机制

引入广义光突发汇聚(GOBA)概念对传统光突发交换(OBS)进行扩展,形成新的广义OBS(GOBS)网络。针对GOBS的多业务承载目标,提出了一种支持多业务承载的GOBA机制,采用将业务最小时延要求作为汇聚时间的汇聚方式,将多种用户数据业务汇聚到不同粒度的广义数据突发(GDB)中。仿真结果表明,在GOBS环境下,与MSMAP(max burst-size max assembly period)机制相比,GOBA能够在满足较高数据成功接收率的基础上显著地减小约10%的总体数据超时率,同时降低约15%的突发碰撞率,并提高约20%信道利用率。     

基于冯-卡门类比建立螺纹管内颗粒污垢模型

 研究了5根内径为15.54 mm的铜质内置螺纹管的污垢数据,并给出了在雷诺数为16 000,污垢质量浓度为1 300 g/m3下的加速颗粒结垢实验数据.螺纹的几何参数采用目前应用于冷凝器的商用强化管中较为典型的一组几何参数：螺纹数为10～45、螺纹角为25°～45°、螺纹高为0.33～0.55 mm;实验用的氧化铝颗粒平均直径为3 μm.通过冯 卡门类比计算质量传递系数,壁面剪切应力则由压降数据来获得.据此,建立了一个半理论化的模型,讨论并得到了污垢热阻比与螺纹管几何参数、效率指数的一系列关系式,这些关系式以及对污垢的理论分析方法可应用于预测冷却水系统中螺纹管的污垢形成.     

基于时域激光诱导辐射确定湍流火焰烟黑粒径

对非稳态丙烷湍流火焰中的烟黑粒径进行在线测量.高能脉冲激光直接照射火焰中的烟黑微粒,其受热辐射光谱信号由光电倍增管检测.为降低信号噪音,采用分段平均方法拟合获得烟黑等亚微米量级固体颗粒粒径.所得结果与透射电镜测量结果吻合.通过统计多个激光脉冲下颗粒各粒径值,获得了不同空燃比下丙烷湍流火焰中烟黑粒径分布的变化规律.本方法为非稳态燃烧过程中可吸入颗粒物尺寸分布提供了一种有效的在线监测手段．     

方形气固流化床从鼓泡到湍动流型转变的实验研究

在368mm×368 mm方形气固床中对FCC颗粒进行流态化实验,研究了从鼓泡到湍动的流型转变行为及相关问题.实验测试了多个床层截面的压差波动,由波动标准差随表观气速变化的最大值获得了流型转变速度Uc.结果表明,方形床中的流态化平均行为在床层截面纵横两个方向一致,沿床层轴向呈现不均匀性,底部存在颗粒密相区;不同床层截面转变速度Uc不同,由床层上部向下扩展,Uc呈线性增加关系,说明流型转变至上而下进行;静床高度对Uc影响显著,静床高度增加,床层轴向各截面Uc相应增加;以上结果表明了目前仅与气固物性参数相关联的Uc预测模型有待改进.     

交织和BCH编码对蓝牙2.0数据传输性能的改善

蓝牙2.0+EDR规范新增DH分组没有有效的纠错机制,其抗干扰能力差。通过在新规范中加入BCH编码和交织编码,以改善蓝牙的数据传输吞吐量及抗干扰能力。对于新增的数据分组,根据蓝牙标准协议,推导了相应的分组特性;建立了GE信道下数据传输速率与信道突发错误水平的关系模型;获得了在不同信道突发错误水平下的数据传输吞吐量。结果表明,在蓝牙2.0+EDR新规范中加入BCH编码和交织编码,在较高突发错误水平的信道中,其数据传输吞吐量提高了一倍以上,明显改善了数据传输的抗干扰能力。