Analysis of the effect of mixing vane geometry on the flow in an annular centrifugal contactor

The annular centrifugal contactor is a compact mixer/centrifuge developed for solvent extraction processes for recycling used nuclear fuel. This research effort couples computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling with a variety of experimental observations to provide a valid detailed analysis of the flow within the centrifugal contactor. CFD modeling of the free surface flow in the annular mixing zone using the volume-of-fluid method combined with large eddy simulation of turbulence was found to have very good agreement with the experimental measurements. A detailed comparative analysis of the flow and mixing with different housing vane geometries (four straight vanes, eight straight vanes, and curved vanes) was performed. Two additional variations on the eight straight vane geometry were also simulated. This analysis determined that at the simulated moderate flow rate the four straight mixing vane geometry has greater mixing and fluid residence time as compared to the other mixing vane configurations. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

Demarcation of a new circulating turbulent fluidization regime

Transient flow behaviors in a novel circulating‐turbulent fluidized bed (C‐TFB) were investigated by a multifunctional optical fiber probe, that is capable of simultaneously measuring instantaneous local solids‐volume concentration, velocity and flux in gas‐solid two‐phase suspensions. Microflow behavior distinctions between the gas‐solid suspensions in a turbulent fluidized bed (TFB), conventional circulating fluidized bed (CFB), the bottom region of high‐density circulating fluidized bed (HDCFB), and the newly designed C‐TFB were also intensively studied. The experimental results show that particle‐particle interactions (collisions) dominate the motion of particles in the C‐TFB and TFB, totally different from the interaction mechanism between the gas and solid phases in the conventional CFB and the HDCFB, where the movements of particles are mainly controlled by the gas‐particle interactions (drag forces). In addition, turbulence intensity and frequency in the C‐TFB are significantly greater than those in the TFB at the same superficial gas velocity. As a result, the circulating‐turbulent fluidization is identified as a new flow regime, independent of turbulent fluidization, fast fluidization and dense suspension upflow. The gas‐solid flow in the C‐TFB has its inherent hydrodynamic characteristics, different from those in TFB, CFB and HDCFB reactors. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

Experimental studies of the role of chemical kinetics in turbulent flames

Flames of di-t-butyl-peroxide (DTBP) decomposition in a 0.376DTBP + 1.0N₂ mixture are studied in laminar and turbulent media. The observed values of unstretched laminar burning velocity are in reasonable agreement with the value obtained from the Zel’dovich-Semenov-Frank-Kamenetsky theory. Turbulent explosions in this particular mixture are characterized by a number of features that are believed to be common for all developing turbulent flames and have relevance to spark-ignition engine combustion of lean mixtures. Flame propagation is unsteady and is characterized by a mass burning rate that increases in time. The rate of the flame acceleration varies from one explosion to another. If the burning rate is related to the average flame radius, however, it exhibits much smaller variations. This phenomenon bears a striking resemblance to cycle-to-cycle variations in a spark-ignition engine. Comparisons of the present results with mixtures of significantly different composition, chemical kinetics, and exothermicity, but with similar laminar flame speed and Lewis number show that the data obtained in closed-volume explosions are in good agreement if the unsteady character of the flame is taken into account. The differences in details of the kinetic mechanisms and thermochemistry appear to be responsible for the flame behaviour only near the limit of extinction by turbulence. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 45, No. 4, pp. 43–52, July–August, 2009.     

含内衬纤维缠绕筒强度分析及水压实验

给出了含内衬纤维缠绕筒承受内压时的强度分析模型,假设内衬为理想弹塑性材料,将模型分为弹性和塑性两个阶段,分别得到了缠绕筒的工作压强与爆破压强。应用该模型计算了含钢内衬纯碳纤维缠绕筒和含钢内衬纯玻璃纤维缠绕筒的工作压强和爆破压强,并预测了缠绕筒的破坏模式。水压实验结果表明,该强度分析模型与实验结果吻合较好。     

岩爆形成的力学机理及施工防治浅谈

本文以多个国内地下工程的岩爆资料为基础,对岩爆彤成的力学机理进行了详细的分析,时多处工程实例进行研究,总结了目前岩爆过程发生的条件。最后。就国内外的常用和新型监测预报、防治方法予以阐述和归纳。     

V2F模型在室内空气流动数值模拟中与其他湍流模型的比较研究

介绍了V2F模型的表达式。对Annex20算例进行了模拟计算,将V2F模型、雷诺应力模型、标准K-ε模型、低雷诺数K-ε模型、RNGK-ε模型的模拟结果与其他研究者的实验结果进行了比较。结果表明,V2F模型在模拟室内空气流动中优于其他湍流模型。     

An efficient admission control mechanism for optical burst-switched networks

This article proposes the load-level-based admission control (LLAC) mechanism in order to provide service differentiation for optical burst-switched networks. The LLAC mechanism admits bursts of a given service class according to the network load and a class-associated parameter. Based on this parameter, called load level, the proposed mechanism differentiates the burst blocking probability experienced by each service class. We develop an analytical model for the proposed mechanism and evaluate its performance for different configurations through mathematical analysis. The results show that the load-level-based mechanism reduces the blocking probability of high-priority bursts by two orders of magnitude or more depending on the analyzed scenario. In addition, compared to other similar mechanisms, the load-level-based mechanism effectively differentiates the services in all analyzed configurations, requires less states in optical burst switching (OBS) nodes, and does not suffer from priority inversion.

An adaptive load-aware burst assembly scheme to achieve optimal performance of FDL buffers in OBS networks

Optical burst switching (OBS) is regarded as one of the most promising switching technologies for next generation optical networks. Contention resolution of data bursts is a critical mission to implement practical OBS. The use of fiber delay line (FDL) buffers has received a lot of attention as a fundamental but effective solution to resolve burst contention. Several studies have investigated the way to achieve the optimal performance of FDL buffers at a single-node level. However, this article studies how to achieve the best performance of OBS networks with FDL buffers under varying traffic condition at a network level. For this purpose, we propose an adaptive load-aware burst assembly (ALBA) scheme, which adaptively adjusts the size threshold of burst assembler optimized to the current network traffic load. A piggybacking method used to deliver the traffic-load information from core nodes to ingress edge nodes accelerates the adaptiveness of the proposed scheme by reducing the update time of the size threshold. The effectiveness of the ALBA scheme is proved by comparing with No-FDL case and fixed size-threshold cases under changing traffic-load environment from extensive simulation tests.

Joint routing and dimensioning of optical burst switching networks

Existing methods for handling routing and dimensioning in dynamic WDM networks solve the two problems separately. The main drawback of this approach is that a global minimum cost solution cannot be guaranteed. Given that wavelengths are costly resources, determining the minimum network cost is of fundamental importance. We propose an approach which jointly solves the routing and dimensioning problems in optical burst switching (OBS) networks, guaranteeing a target blocking per connection. The method finds the set of routes and the number of wavelengths per network link that minimise the total network cost. To accomplish this, an integer linear programming problem is solved. The proposed method was applied to ring networks, where the optimal solution achieves a reduction in the network cost of 10–40% (for traffic loads <0.4, compared to solving both problems separately). In the case of mesh topologies, to reduce the computational complexity of the method, we applied a variation of it which achieves a local minimum. Even so, a reduction of 5–20% (for traffic loads <0.4) in the network cost was obtained. This ability to lower network cost could make the proposed method the best choice to date for dynamic network operators.     

A new proportional differentiation scheme based on batch scheduling for optical burst switching networks

Optical burst switching (OBS) is a promising switching paradigm for building the next generation optical internet. The proportional differentiation model is very convenient for network operators to quantitatively adjust the quality differentiation among service classes. To provide proportional differentiated services for OBS networks, a proportional differentiation scheme based on batch scheduling is proposed in this article. The scheme adopts the batch scheduling idea to reserve data channel resources for a batch of data bursts. It helps to decrease burst dropping probability. When some data bursts are unsuccessfully scheduled, a preemption method is used to keep a proportional burst dropping probability among service classes according to the expected burst dropping probability equations given by the proportional differentiation model. The scheme has low computational complexity. Simulation results show that the scheme can provide proportional differentiated services and efficiently decrease the burst dropping probability.