一种水下机器人运动的过程神经元控制

过程神经网络是传统神经网络的拓展, 增加了一个对于时间的聚合算子, 从而更好地模拟了生物神经元的信息处理机制. 这是由于水下机器人运动控制系统的输入、输出均是随时间连续变化的过程量. 结合S函数和预先规划思想, 建立水下机器人过程神经元的运动控制模型. 仿真试验证明,该新型控制模型, 对于水下机器人的运动非线性控制器具有设计简单、响应速度快、超调小、鲁棒性好等优点.     

中程水下测距及遥控系统主控机设计

水声信道是一个十分复杂的时空频变信道,其主要特征是复杂性、多变性、强多途和有限带宽;为了实现对水下设备的测距和遥控操作,针对水声信道的特性,系统采用时延编码方案,设置键盘和液晶显示屏能实现对系统的便利操作,并通过串口将测距结果传至电脑实现后处理;文中介绍了测距及系统通信原理,主机部分的总体设计、键盘以及液晶显示部分、数据采集和处理部分;经过多次水池和湖上实验,证明了此系统的可行性并实现了所有预期功能。     

基于轻量级密集残差网络的水下图像增强

深度卷积神经网络是水下图像增强的主要方法之一,但其过高的内存消耗和计算需求阻碍了在实际应用中的部署。为此,提出一种轻量级的密集残差卷积神经网络(dense residual convolutional neural networks, DRCNN)用于水下图像增强。为降低计算成本,DRCNN采用深度可分离卷积提取高级特征;通过密集连接和残差学习促进不同通道之间的信息交互,提高模型表征能力;将输入的退化图像与中间特征图融合,保留图像全局相似性,同时防止模型梯度消失。实验结果证明DRCNN能有效提高水下图像质量,较于现有算法,DRCNN参数量减少了85%,PSNR、SSIM值分别提高了3%、2%,测试速度提高了3%。DRCNN使用更少的参数实现了更好的性能,利于在低资源设备的实时场景中应用。     

Breaking the Responsivity-Bandwidth Trade-Off Limit in GaN Photoelectrodes for High-Response and Fast-Speed Optical Communication Application

Underwater optical communication (UOC) has attracted considerable interest in the continuous expansion of human activities in marine/ocean environments. The water-durable and self-powered photoelectrodes that act as a battery-free light receiver in UOC are particularly crucial, as they may directly face complex underwater conditions. Emerging photoelectrochemical (PEC)-type photodetectors are appealing owing to their intrinsic aqueous operation characteristics with versatile tunability of photoresponses. Herein, a self-powered PEC photodetector employing n-type gallium nitride (GaN) nanowires as a photoelectrode, which is decorated with an iridium oxide (IrO_x) layer to optimize charge transfer dynamics at the GaN/electrolyte interface, is reported. Strikingly, the constructed n-GaN/IrO_x photoelectrode breaks the responsivity-bandwidth trade-off limit by simultaneously improving the response speed and responsivity, delivering an ultrafast response speed with response/recovery times of only 2 µs/4 µs while achieving a high responsivity of 110.1 mA W⁻¹. Importantly, the device exhibits a large bandwidth with 3 dB cutoff frequency exceeding 100 kHz in UOC tests, which is one of the highest values among self-powered photodetectors employed in optical communication system.     

Adaptive multi-mode switching strategy for the spherical underwater robot with hybrid thrusters

The conventional autonomous cruise and tracking system cannot transition and change its motion mode according to the underwater environment during operation, so it is of great significance to study the multi-mode switching of cruise control for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs). In this paper, a Multi-Mode Adaptive Switching (MMAS) strategy for the Spherical Underwater Robot with Hybrid Thruster (HPSUR) was proposed, which provided the possibility for the robot to choose optimal control mode according to the unpredictable operating environment. Then, the dynamic and force of the hybrid thruster are analyzed to improve the accuracy of multi-mode switching, and the MMAS strategy is developed linking the attitude adjustment and switching problems. Furthermore, a series of multi-mode switching experiments were conducted using water-jet mode, propeller mode and hybrid mode. Finally, the experimental result was discussed, which verified the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed MMAS strategy. The proposed control strategy has a certain reference value for the multi-mode switching of propulsion devices.     

一种水下足式机器人的设计方案研究

海洋蕴含着丰富的自然资源,对海洋资源的合理开发与运用可以极大的缓解能源短缺问题,但由于海洋的复杂环境所带来的资源开发难度也不容忽略;针对这系列问题,对一种新型水下航行器进行研究,开展了水下足式机器人的总体设计分析,并通过三维建模对机器人进行结构设计;利用ANSYS对机器人关键运动部件进行应力分析,对机器人的设计进行完善;利用FLUENT软件进行流体模拟仿真,计算得到机器人腿部在水下运动时的受力特性;使用Adams软件对机器人的运动进行动力学仿真,计算机器人腿部扭矩输出特性;结合仿真结果对机器人的硬件系统进行选型,完成水下足式机器人的总体设计。     

基于量子重力探测技术的水下匹配导航仿真分析与评估

在电磁信号拒止的海洋环境中,基于海洋重力场辅助的水下匹配导航技术是提高潜航器导航定位精度的有效途径之一。近年来,基于冷原子干涉的量子绝对重力探测技术发展迅速,其探测精度高、可移动性强,在水下重力辅助导航领域具有极大的应用潜力。结合冷原子干涉量子重力仪最新技术发展水平,选取太平洋某典型海域,通过地形正演构建了高精度（<0.1mGal）、高分辨率（500m）海洋重力基准图,基于最近等值线迭代（Iterative Closest Contour Point,ICCP）算法实现了对潜航器水下航行误差的重力场辅助匹配校正,将初始航迹误差从约4km校正到约400m。匹配算法具有指数收敛优势,在阈值收敛误差为10-6下,算法平均收敛迭代次数44次,平均收敛时间0.0678s。通过仿真分析和“探测技术-重力场基准图-匹配算法”系统综合效能评估,论证了现有量子重力探测技术在重力辅助水下匹配导航领域的应用潜能。     

水下光声图像空间配准算法研究综述

水下光声图像配准是水下设备实现信息融合的关键技术。在简述了水下光声图像配准的概念及实例的基础上,分析了目前水下光声图像重建与复原的相关算法,详细综述了水下异源图像基于区域和特征的配准算法研究进展,重点论述了基于图像域和形状特征相似度的两个准确度较高的研究方向的发展现状,并根据其他领域的异源图像配准的研究热点,从增加成像模型的结构性约束、引入相位一致性和生成对抗网络等算法提高配准精度,展望了水下声光图像配准研究的发展趋势。     

融合深度学习与成像模型的水下图像增强算法

水下机器人的视觉感知功能因受到水下环境因素的影响,面临着图像质量降低的挑战,如图像颜色畸变、整体色调偏绿、偏蓝、对比度较低、细节较为模糊等。提出一种结合深度学习方法与物理成像模型的新型水下图像增强算法,通过构建包含扩张卷积和带参数激活函数的神经网络,进行背景散射光和直接传输映射的估计,并结合成像模型的数学表达进行重建运算得到增强后图像。实验结果表明,与UDCP、IBLA、GLNet等典型图像增强算法相比,该算法具有更快的运算速度,且能够消除水下环境因素带来的影响,丰富图像色彩的同时能增强各类细节,在峰值信噪比指标和结构相似度指标上取得了较大值。此外,增强后的图像在特征点匹配实验中获得了更好的匹配效果。     

Polypyrrole Whelk‐Like Arrays toward Robust Controlling Manipulation of Organic Droplets Underwater

Whelk‐like polypyrrole (PPy) arrays film is successfully prepared by electropolymerization of pyrrole in the presence of low‐surface‐energy tetraethylammonium perfluorooctanesulfonate (TEAPFOS) as dopant. The underwater wettability of PPy whelk‐like arrays can be successfully tuned by electrical doping/dedoping of PFOS ions. Interestingly, CCl₄ droplets with microliter‐size as a representative sample are gathered together to form a larger droplet underwater at the potential of +0.8 V (vs Ag/AgCl), because PPy is in its PFOS‐doped states. Note that CCl₄ droplet can climb uphill successfully on the inclined whelk‐like arrays PPy film under the applied potential of ?1.0 V (vs Ag/AgCl), which may be attributed to wettability gradient derived from different oxidation states of PPy induced by electrochemical potential. These results may provide a simple strategy for on‐demand manipulation of organic droplets underwater at low voltage.