超支化聚合物对聚丙烯/剑麻纤维复合材料性能影响

为改善剑麻纤维(SF)与聚丙烯(PP)之间的相容性,在PP/SF复合材料中添加超支化聚酯(H101)、超支化环氧树脂(E102),研究了两种超支化聚合物(HBP)的热稳定性及对PP/SF复合材力学性能、熔体流动性和微观形貌的影响。热重分析表明,所使用的HBP均具有较好的热稳定性;扫描电子显微镜分析发现,HBP的加入使基体与纤维结合得更加紧密;力学性能测试表明,H101可不同程度地提高复合材料的拉伸、弯曲及冲击强度;E102可提高复合材料的拉伸及冲击强度,当E102含量为10%时,与PP/SF复合材料相比,冲击强度提高了72.24%。尽管HBP含量较高时复合材料的力学性能提高,但HBP会降低复合材料的熔体流动速率,选择HBP含量时需要综合考虑。     

二甲苯不饱和聚酯树脂在30%硝酸中的腐蚀行为

通过失重及表面腐蚀层厚度的测定以及红外吸收光谱（ＦＴ－ＩＲ）、扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）等分析手段研究了二甲苯不饱和聚酯树脂（ＳＵＰＲ）在３０％硝酸溶液中的腐蚀行为，提出了材料耐该介质腐蚀的机理。结果表明，失重和表面腐蚀层厚度经一定时间浸泡后趋于稳定，不同温度下达到的稳定失重和腐蚀层厚度值不同。腐蚀机理为：浸泡过程中试样表面发生了物理吸附及化学反应，形成了一层淡黄色的特，其厚度与温度有关。该层物质阻止了硝     

中空涤纶/不锈钢/竹炭保温透湿材料的开发及性能研究

通过花式捻线方法将中空涤纶、不锈钢长丝和竹炭纤维三种功能性纤维并捻获得复合纱线,利用纱线强度、毛羽和实际捻度测试,得到最佳的纱线纺制参数。并采用最佳工艺参数纺制的包绕纱线进行平纹织物织造,对其织物透湿性、远红外发射率以及保温性能进行测试表征,最终制备一种可用于防寒服的新型保温透湿织物。结果表明,缠绕捻度为上捻度200,下捻度0时,纺制的包芯纱具有最佳捻度。中空涤纶/不锈钢/竹炭织物透湿率为5 184g/(m2·24h),达到透湿织物透湿要求的2倍以上。一至四层织物的远红外发射率均在70%及以上,符合远红外发射率具有功能性结果的范围。织物克罗值达到7.355clo,高于极低温作业穿着克罗值51.6%,可满足极低温环境下的织物保温要求。织物保温率为62.43%,相比于棉、毛等传统纺织原料,织物保温率可以提升2倍以上。     

用于纤维材料表面耐磨涂层的制备与性能表征

为使涤纶织物应用范围更广,更耐磨,本文制备了一种有机硅树脂基纳米硼化钛碳化钛复合涂层,通过正交实验法得到最佳的涂层方案,并尝试将其应用于涤纶织物,以改善涤纶织物的表面结构,进而实现涤纶织物表面优异的耐磨性能.为测试涂层对涤纶织物性能的影响, 采用泰伯式耐磨仪、液滴形状分析仪、电子织物强力机、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了涂层织物的耐磨性能、疏水性能、物理机械性能和磨损织物的表面微观形态.研究表明：当有机硅树脂与无水乙醇质量比为75: 25,含量(质量分数)为93%;超分散剂含量为1.5%;乙醇增稠剂含量为1.5%;纳米硼化钛和碳化钛质量比为2: 1,含量为4%时,所得涂层溶液应用于涤纶织物后会形成一层包覆层,耐磨性能最优.对于涂覆量为15 g/m²的涤纶,拉伸断裂强力由573.92 N提高到620.48 N,顶破强力由652.34 N提高到790.07 N,撕裂强力由9.87 N降低到5.78 N,疏水性能有较大提高,接触角可达到120°以上.     

二种夹套结构聚酯终缩聚釜有限元分析比较

为考察和比较整体夹套结构与半圆管夹套结构聚酯终缩聚釜内筒的径向变形,用ANSYS进行设计工况下的强度和变形分析．结果表明,虽然整体夹套结构聚酯终缩聚釜耗材较多,但内筒径向变形较小．建议采用T形加强圈提高半圆管夹套结构聚酯终缩聚釜中内筒刚度,减小内筒径向变形．     

Time-dependent soil-water distribution under a circular trickle source

Soil-water distribution in homogeneous soil profiles of Yolo clay loam and Yolo sand (Typic xerorthents) irrigated from a circular source of water, was measured several times after the initiation of irrigation. The effect of trickle discharge rates and soil type on the locations of the wetting front and soil-water distribution was considered. Soil-water tension and hydraulic conductivity, as functions of soil-water content, were also measured. The theories of time-dependent, linearized infiltration from a circular source and a finite-element solution of the two-dimensional transient soil-water equation were compared with the experimental results. In general, for both soils the computer horizontal and vertical advances of the wetting front were closely related to those observed. With both theories, a better prediction of the wetting front position for the clay loam soil than for the sandy soil is shown. The calculated and measured horizontal vertical advances did not agree over long periods of time. With the linearized solution, overestimated and underestimated vertical advances for the clay and sandy soils, respectively, were shown. The finite-element model approximate in a better way the vertical advances than the linearized solution, while an opposite tendency for the horizontal advances indicated, especially in sandy soil.Notation k constant (dK/d) - K hydraulic conductivity - K ₀ saturated hydraulic conductivity - J ₀,J ₁ Bessel functions of the first kind - h soil water tension - q Q/r ₀ ² - Q discharge rate - r cylindrical coordinate; also horizontal distance in soil surface - R dimensionless quantity forr - r ₀ constant pond radius - R ₀ dimensionless quantity forr ₀ - t time - T dimensionless quantity fort - x, y Cartesian coordinates - z vertical coordinate; also vertical distance along thez axis chosen positively downward - Z dimensionless quantity forz - empirical soil characteristic constant - dummy variable of integration - volumetric soil water content - matrix flux potential - dimensionless quantity for      

Hydrocarbons with a homoconjugated polyene system and their monoepoxy derivatives: Sex attractants of geometrid and noctuid moths distributed in Japan

Although several sex pheromones of the family Geometridae have been characterized, investigations on Japanese species are limited. In order to obtain more information, screening using known sex pheromones and their analogs was carried out. The (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-triunsaturated and (Z,Z)-6,9-diunsaturated hydrocarbons with straight C¹⁹-C²¹ chains were synthesized by the Grignard coupling reaction as a key step starting from linolenic and linoleic acids, respectively. Oxidation of the homoconjugated trienes withm-chloroperoxybenzoic acid yielded a 111 mixture of three monoepoxy derivatives that could be separated by silica gel chromatography. The chemical structure of each positional isomer was confirmed using two-dimensional NMR techniques and MS measurements, which enabled characteristic fragment ions from the isomers to be identified. Field tests using lures incorporating only one of the above six hydrocarbons or nine epoxides were carried out in a forest in Tokyo. Consequently, attraction of male moths of 14 geometrid species in addition to four species in another family, the Noctuidae, was observed. It was concluded that hydrocarbons with a homoconjugated polyene system and the monoepoxy derivatives are important components of sex pheromones produced by Japanese lepidopterous insects, particularly the geometrid moths.     

纳米碳酸钙粒子增韧增强不饱和树脂的研究

报道了纳米级碳酸钙填充不饱和树脂的性能研究，探讨了碳酸钙含量和钛酸酯偶联处理对不饱和树脂性能的影响，用扫描电镜（SEM）观察了试样的断裂口形貌，结果表明，用偶联剂处理的纳米碳酸钙粒子含量在4份左右时对复合材料的综合性能最佳，比未加纳米粒子的和未处理的材料冲击强度分别提高了370％和170％，拉伸强度分别提高了170％和150％，SEM分析说明未处理粒子增韧不饱和树脂的机理是粒子的“钉扎”效应和钝化裂纹，而偶联剂处理的纳米粒子增韧不饱和树脂的机理主要是料子导致基体产生了塑性变形。     

SMC的制造工艺及成型技术

针对SMC在汽车工业中的应用,介绍了该塑料的材料选择、制造工艺、成型技术和急需研究开发的课题。     

涤纶及其混纺织物载体染色的研究

介绍了一种用于涤纶及其混纺织物染色的载体（ＮＢＢ）。与冬青袖载体相比，具有使用量少、上染率高、成本低、好色牢度相当或稍优的特点，该载体毒性低，嗅味小，有利于三废治理。