有机累托石改性不饱和聚酯／玻璃纤维复合材料的研究

采用有机累托石改性不饱和聚酯，以改性的不饱和聚酯为基体，以两种玻璃布(EW210、CWR400-90)为增强材料，以两个不同凝胶时间的不饱和聚酯树脂体系制备三种有机累托石改性的不饱和聚酯磁璃纤维复合材料(UPB1、UPB2、UPB3)。测试了不饱和聚酯/玻璃纤维的力学性能；研究了复合材料的耐湿热性及耐介质性能；利用扫描电镜及透射电镜分析了复合材料的增强机理。结果表明，采用有机累托石改性不饱和聚酯所制备的不饱和聚酯／玻璃纤维复合材料的综合力学性能优于纯不饱和聚酯／玻璃纤维复合材料。     

不饱和聚酯树脂微乳液的研究(Ⅰ)不饱和聚酯树脂的微乳化

合成了不同磺酸盐含量的三种不饱和聚酯，通过拟三元相图分析磺酸盐含量、苯乙烯、不同正构醇和水组成的体系对微乳区域的影响。研究结果表明，磺酸盐不饱和聚酯同苯乙烯互溶的前提下，磺酸盐含量越大，其微乳液增溶的水量越大；磺酸盐含量一定时，苯乙烯含量越小，其微乳液增溶的水量越大；正构醇质量分数为在2％～10％范围内，其微乳液增溶的水量最多；三种醇相比较，正丁醇体系的微乳区是W／O型向O／W型过渡的连续区域，正丙醇体系的O／W型微乳液区明显不同于正丁醇体系，正戊醇体系不能形成水包油型的微乳区。     

Effects of the o‐aromatic ring in the molecular chain on the properties of polyester polyols

A series of liquid polyester polyols from adipic acid (AA), phthalic anhydride (PA), ethylene glycol, propanediol‐1,2, and trihydroxymethylpropane, varying in the molar ratio of PA to AA, were prepared. The effects of the o‐aromatic ring in the molecular chain, which came from PA, on the viscosity, glass‐transition temperature, and thermal degradation temperature of the polyester polyols were studied with viscometry, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetry. The intrinsic viscosity and glass‐transition temperature increased with the concentration of the o‐aromatic ring increasing. The temperature of the maximum thermal degradation rate for aliphatic polyester polyols was 434.20°C. Two steps of thermal degradation were found when there were o‐aromatic rings in the molecular chain. One thermal degradation temperature was 358.36–360.48°C, and the other was 412.85–427.18°C. Polyester polyols with o‐aromatic rings had higher stability at lower temperatures (<240.00°C). However, aliphatic polyester polyols had higher stability at higher temperatures (300.00–480.00°C). The activation energy and order of degradation were calculated from thermogravimetric curves. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1617–1624, 2002     

An Experimental Approach for the Characterisation of Rigid Porous Media and Unsaturated Conductivity Relations

A laboratory procedure for the characterisation of rigid, porous media is developed and tested. The overall objective of the characterisation is to provide a basis for the choice of a relevant unsaturated conductivity relation. With the proposed procedure, the porous materials are characterised through hydraulic conductivity measurements, saturation-pressure measurements, porosity measurements and air entry pressure measurements. The measurements were conducted using water and a selected non-aqueous phase liquid (n-decane), and two types of homogeneous, rigid porous media of different origin (fritted glass samples with guaranteed homogeneity by the manufacturer, and chalk). The laboratory method successfully characterised the fritted glass samples as homogeneous on basis of calculated tortuosity values, measured bubble pressures and measured pore-size density curves. The contact angle between the liquid and the solid had negligible impact when comparing the drainage of water with the drainage of n-decane, and also when comparingn -decane drainage in dry porous media withn -decane drainage in media where a film of water separated then -decane from the pore wall. Also, the differences in saturated conductivities between n-decane and water in both samples of chalk and fritted glass were well predicted on basis of differences in density and viscosity of the liquids. The laboratory procedure was furthermore used for characterisation of the pore space available for non-aqueous liquid flow in partially water-saturated porous media. Then -decane conductivities in the fritted glass samples partially saturated with water were considerably lower than the n-decane conductivities in the dry fritted glass samples.     

Light-sensitive elastomers modified by 4-(N-dimethylmaleimido)-benzenesulphenyl chloride

New light-sensitive polymers were prepared by modification of four different elastomers with 4-(N-dimethylmaleimido)-benzenesulphenyl chloride (DMI-BSCI). Polydienes modified by DMI-BSCI form block copolymers. These polymers show a strong increase of the glass transition temperature T_g whereby the T_g increase of modified poly(octenamer) is much smaller. Higher modified polydienes have two T_g. Modified poly(octenamers) show a melting temperature dependence T_m on the content of trans double bonds which is characteristic of statistical copolymers. The ratio of rate constants with which trans- and cis-structures in poly(octenamer) are occupied by DMI-BSCI, is

$\text{k}{}_{\mathrm{trans}}\text{k}{}_{\mathrm{cis}}\text{= 0.34}$

     

短纤维-橡胶复合材料在输送带中的应用

介绍了以不连续的聚酯短纤维群为骨架材料，ＮＲ／ＳＢＲ为基质胶的定向短纤维橡胶复合材料（ＯＳＦＲＣ）在输送带中的应用。结果表明，ＯＳＦＲＣ输送带与棉帆布芯输送带相比，使用寿命提高１倍，带体综合物理性能好，在应力作用下不脱层，无受潮霉烂现象，输送平稳且不打滑，适宜在苛刻条件下使用。     

德国吉玛公司聚酯微细纤维生产技术

介绍了德国吉玛公司聚酯微细纤维的生产技术。分别对微细纤维的常规单组分纺丝法、生产微细纤维技术的特殊要求及微细纤维的质量指标作了阐述。     

一类非线性时滞偏差分方程的不饱和解

利用频密测度和无穷双序列{um,n}不饱和解的概念,讨论了一类带有可变号系数的非线性时滞偏差分方程解的不饱和性质,给出了偏差分方程解的频密振动性的几个充分条件.     

碱减量处理对涤纶织物性能的影响

利用浓度为20%氢氧化钠溶液,在温度为85℃时,对涤纶织物进行不同时间的碱减量处理,研究其处理后机械性能和亲水性能的变化.实验表明：涤纶织物的失重率在5%左右时,强力损失为7.3%,亲水性能最佳。