Contextual heat island assessment for pavement preservation

Pavement preservation (PP) is a planned set of construction and material interventions that can extend the pavement’s service life and may also impact sustainability through Heat Island (HI) mitigation. The HI mitigation potential can vary from location-to-location and with time. For agencies to widely adopt the PP, it is necessary to quantify the benefits based on the context of the project. A method to calculate the Global Warming Potential (GWP) for the HI effect was developed and illustrated for four cities in the US: Chicago, Austin, San Diego and Philadelphia, for hypothetical pavements with three preservation options: chip seals, a concrete inlay, and an asphalt concrete inlay. The use phase GWP with respect to HI was estimated for all cases given a 2-, 5-, 7- or 10-year service life. Overall, the HI in the use phase was found to dominate the total GWP relative to the materials and construction phases. The HI GWP savings increase over time, with the 10-year savings being greatest for San Diego using the concrete inlay (22.5?kg CO₂-eq/m²) and smallest for Chicago with a chip seal (8.0?kg CO₂-eq/m²). The savings were found to increase in areas that have a more pronounced HI and could offset GWP in the other phases. The proposed method allows agencies to estimate HI GWP for a specific preservation strategy, location and service life.     

Effects of T5 heat treatment on extrusion welds in AZ80 hollow profile

AZ80 hollow profile was produced by porthole-die extrusion. The mechanical behavior and microstructure characteristic of extrusion welds in AZ80 hollow profile during different T5 heat treatments were investigated. Five kinds of morphologies of β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ were observed in turn in weld regions under various temperatures. Extrusion weld is not weakest region in AZ80 hollow profile in terms of hardness, the peak hardness of weld regions is roughly equal to the weld-free regions at different aging temperatures, which is attributed to similar volume fraction, morphology, and size of β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ precipitate in weld regions and weld-free regions. The precipitate-free zones (PFZs) usually form near the welds interface in aging process, and the hardness of PFZs is usually lower than those of weld regions and weld-free regions. Aging at 200°C for 24?h is suitable heat treatment system for AZ80 hollow profile, which can achieve excellent mechanical property and simultaneously reduce the width of PFZs.     

Polyethylene Glycol–CaCl2 Coordination Compounds as a Novel Form‐Stable Phase Change Material with Excellent Thermophysical Properties

Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) have been extensively studied as phase change materials (PCMs). To overcome the problem of liquid leakage, the authors firstly report a novel form‐stable phase change material (FSPCM) using coordination compound. The structure, morphology, thermal property, and thermal stability of the self‐prepared samples are determined. The obtained results confirm the existence of coordination bonds between PEG and Ca²⁺ species, and no liquid leakage is observed for the synthesized PEG–CaCl₂ composites at temperatures as high as 120 °C. The PEG8000–CaCl₂ (1:2) FSPCM exhibits a relatively large latent heat of 147.7 J g^?1, corresponding to 87.8% of that of pure PEG. From the dynamical viewpoint, the activation energy of crystallization process is increased by only 5.2% for the PEG8000–CaCl₂ composite due to the formation of coordination bonds; however, the activation energy is reduced by 18.3% during melting process. After adding 3 wt% conductive carbon black, the heat storage performance of the PEG phase change material can be optimized. The PEG‐CaCl₂ composite would be a promising material for thermal energy storage applications and can be used in various engineering fields.

     

New Insight into Procedure of Interface Electron Transfer through Cascade System with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity

Recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs is extremely limited in the practical application of photocatalysis toward solving the energy crisis and environmental pollution. A rational design of the cascade system (i.e., rGO/Bi₂WO₆/Au, and ternary composites) with highly efficient charge carrier separation is successfully constructed. As expected, the integrated system (rGO/Bi₂WO₆/Au) shows enhanced photocatalytic activity compared to bare Bi₂WO₆ and other binary composites, and it is proved in multiple electron transfer (MET) behavior, namely a cooperative electron transfer (ET) cascade effect. Simultaneously, UV–vis/scanning electrochemical microscopy is used to directly identify MET kinetic information through an in situ probe scanning technique, where the “fast” and “slow” heterogeneous ET rate constants (K_eff) of corresponding photocatalysts on the different interfaces are found, which further reveals that the MET behavior is the prime source for enhanced photocatalytic activity. This work not only offers a new insight to study catalytic performance during photocatalysis and electrocatalysis systems, but also opens up a new avenue to design highly efficient catalysts in photocatalytic CO₂ conversion to useful chemicals and photovoltaic devices.     

Ultraviolet Photoluminescence of Carbon Nanospheres and its Surface Plasmon‐Induced Enhancement

Ultraviolet (UV) light can be used in versatile applications ranging from photoelectronic devices to biomedical imaging. In the development of new UV light sources, in this study, stable UV emission at ≈350 nm is unprecedentedly obtained from carbon nanospheres (CNSs). The origin of the UV fluorescence is comprehensively investigated via various characterization methods, including Raman and Fourier transform infrared analyses, with comparison to the visible emission of carbon nanodots. Based on the density functional calculations, the UV fluorescence is assigned to the carbon nanostructures bonded to bridging O atoms and dangling –OH groups. Moreover, a twofold enhancement in the UV emission is acquired for Au‐carbon core‐shell nanospheres (Au‐CNSs). This remarkable modification of the UV emission is primarily ascribed to charge transfer between the CNSs and the Au surface.     

A meshless method for solving 1D time-dependent heat source problem

A novel meshless numerical procedure based on the method of fundamental solutions (MFS) and the heat polynomials is proposed for recovering a time-dependent heat source and the boundary data simultaneously in an inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP). We will transform the problem into a homogeneous IHCP and initial value problems for the first-order ordinary differential equation. An improved method of MFS is used to solve the IHCP and a finite difference method is applied for solving the initial value problems. The advantage of applying the proposed meshless numerical scheme is producing the shape functions which provide the important delta function property to ensure that the essential conditions are fulfilled. Numerical experiments for some examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

基于Solidworks Simulation仿真分析的ZJ118卷烟机双芯加热搓板装置设计

目的 为解决卷烟机在生产中细支卷烟时,因搓板加热不均匀导致的水松纸泡皱、皱纹、翘边等质量问题。方法 基于SOLIDWORKS Simulation仿真分析设计了一种400 W+800 W双芯加热搓板装置,代替原有的1 200 W单芯加热搓板装置,并通过仿真分析2种搓板加热装置在设定温度为200 ℃时的热量分布情况,然后在实际生产中验证改造方案的应用效果。结果 仿真分析的结果表明,400 W+800 W双芯加热搓板装置的热量极限和加热效率都比1 200 W单芯加热搓板装置高,双芯加热能更加快速地达到设定温度,搓板体上的热量分布更均匀,搓板面上的热量分布也更加稳定,温差较小,能够更好地保证卷烟搓接质量的稳定性。实际应用效果显示,使用双芯加热搓板装置后,再也没有出现水松纸泡皱、皱纹、翘边等质量问题。结论 400 W+800 W双芯加热搓板装置具有加热效率高、热量分布均匀、温差小等优点,能更有效地提高卷烟搓接质量,既大大减少了卷接质量事故出现频次和设备停台维修时间,也降低了卷烟生产消耗。     

双丝三电弧焊热源优化及数值模拟

为研究双丝三电弧焊焊接温度散布规律,根据其电弧形态和脉冲频率建立了适用于双丝三电弧焊接的体+面热源,并根据焊丝的倾角对其进行了旋转计算,利用有限元技术模拟了6 mm厚Q235碳素钢的双丝三电弧焊焊接温度场,通过遗传算法对其热源参数进行了迭代优化,提高了计算效率。计算结果表明：温度场呈长椭圆状分布,且最高温度和最大温度梯度都出现在R弧热源处,其原因是此处同时积累了R弧电弧热量和L弧焊后凝固时的热量;有限元模型温度场与实验温度场结果对比吻合度较高,其结果可为拓展双丝三电弧焊的应用和优化工艺参数提供仿真基础。     

25Cr_2Mo_1V钢螺栓在长期高温高压下脆化机理的研究

通过对已脆化的２５Ｃｒ２Ｍｏ１Ｖ钢螺栓及经恢复热处理后的螺栓的金相及电子显微分析,阐述了２５Ｃｒ２Ｍｏ１Ｖ钢在长期高温高压下工作发生脆化的原因,讨论了恢复热处理对脆化螺栓恢复性能的作用     

硬质合金激光热处理表面强化

研究低钴（ＹＧ８）硬质合金激光相变硬化的结果表明：合理选择激光淬火工艺参数及表面涂黑状况等,可使合金力学性能有较明显的提高,并对激光处理的合金组织结构与性能的改变的机理作了讨论与分析。