USR在养殖废水处理中的实验研究

在中温35℃条件下，考察了升流式固体反应器（USR）用于处理猪场养殖废水时的运行情况及影响因素，确定了合适的运行条件．实验结果表明，USR对COD的去除率可迭90％，所产沼气中的甲烷含量可这60％；从而确定采用USR处理高浓度、高悬浮物的养殖废水是一种经济可行的方法．     

悬浮澄清-漂浮过滤一体化工艺试验

针对目前一体化净水器存在的问题,采用悬浮澄清-漂浮过滤上向流一体化工艺,分别试验了低温低浊和常规条件下该工艺设备的性能.工艺运行的主要技术参数为:进水浊度≤50NTU,出水浊度<1.0 NTU,单位面积负荷5.0~7.0 m3/(m2.h),运行周期≤48 h.采用先气水混冲后水冲的反冲洗方式,此时的最优气冲强度约为15 L/(s.m)2,水冲强度约为4 L/(s.m)2.具有设备运行周期长、出水浊度低、水质稳定、过滤水头损失增长慢等优点.     

R＆D and Application of Catalyst for Resid Hydrotreating in Upflow Reactor

In order to extend the operating cycle of the upflow reactor for resid hydrotreating, the Research Institute of Petroleum Processing taking into account the specifics of resid hydrotreating upflow reactor has developed the high-performance RUF series of catalysts suitable for operation in the upflow reactor. The results of commercial application of catalysts revealed that this RUF series of catalysts loaded after optimized grading could effectively remove metals, sulfur and carbon residue from the residuum to provide improved oil for the following fixed-bed reactor. In the meantime, the RUF series of catalysts have excellent stability to reach an operating cycle of 1.5 years, resulting in minimization of losses caused by refinery downtime.     

Temperature dependency of granule characteristics and kinetic behavior in UASB reactors

When an inhibitory substrate, phenol, was treated under mesophilic conditions (25, 30, 35, and 40 °C), the upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactors at 30 °C resulted in the greatest amount of biomass and the largest granule size, while the UASB reactors at 25 °C resulted in the smallest granule size and the greatest amount of wash‐out of sludge. The granule size tended to be negatively correlated with the amount of wash‐out of sludge. With an increase in temperature, the kinetic constant k for anaerobic phenol degradation increased and the half saturation constant (K_s) decreased. The mass fraction of methanogens (f) increased with increasing operational temperature in the UASB reactors and the activation energy (E_a) for acetate methanogenesis was larger than that for phenol acidogenesis in the batch reactors, indicating that the operational temperature imposes a more influential effect on methanogens than on acidogens. From the results of the activity of acidogens and methanogens (expressed in specific COD utilization rate), the rate‐limiting step is phenol acidogenesis. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Treatment of coking wastewater by a UBF‐BAF combined process

BACKGROUND: Coking wastewater is a major pollutant, produced in large quantities in many countries worldwide. This study investigates the performance of a combined system for treating coking wastewater. The system is based on an upflow blanket filter (UBF) with a biological aerated filter (BAF). Efficiency is assessed according to organic pollutants and nitrogen removal. RESULTS: It was found that hydraulic retention time (HRT) had a greater influence on the removal efficiency of NH₃‐N than chemical oxygen demand (COD). The BAF facilitated simultaneous carbonaceous removal and nitrification, depending on the reactor height. The system removed 81.5% of COD and 96.4% of NH₃‐N when the total HRT was 46.7 h (15.4 h for UBF and 31.3 h for BAF). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis indicated that the main components of the coking wastewater were phenols and nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds. Certain refractory compounds decomposed in the anaerobic section, resulting in the production of intermediates. Although most organics present in the influent were absent from the final effluent, a few residual contaminants could not be fully eliminated by the system. CONCLUSION: The experimental results show that the present system is feasible for the treatment of coking wastewater. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

糠醛废水处理工程实践

糠醛废水属于难处理的高浓度有机废水,工程采用微电解-中和-混凝-UASB-兼性厌氧-生物接触氧化-生物活性炭工艺处理糠醛废水.工业实验表明,出水达到<辽宁省污水与废气排放标准>(DB 21-60-1989)二级排放标准.电石渣的应用起到了以废治废的目的,具有一定的经济意义,该工艺对其他废水的处理有一定的借鉴作用.     

新型厌氧处理工艺--厌氧迁移式污泥床反应器

介绍了新型厌氧处理工艺——厌氧迁移式污泥床反应器(AMBR)的基本构造、工作原理、主要性能和颗粒污泥的培养。AMBR工艺是在升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)和厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)两种工艺的基础上开发的，因而它具有运行方式灵活、结构简单、处理效果好、耐冲击负荷能力强和甲烷产率高等优点。     

Silage effluent digestion by an upflow anaerobic filter

Silage effluent is generally regarded as one of the major agricultural pollutants of water courses. Efficient anaerobic digestion of silage effluent was achieved by a 3-day hydraulic retention in an upflow anaerobic filter. The filter was a laboratory scale unit containing a limestone chip support matrix. At loading rates ranging from 7.8 to 14.2 kg COD m⁻³ active volume day⁻¹, the average COD removal obtained ranged from 86 to 89% with a TOA removal of 82–88%. The methane content of the biogas produced ranged from 81 to 88%. The rate of COD conversion to CH₄ was independent of the loading rate under the conditions tested and the observed efficiency averaged 0.357 m¹ CH₄(STP) kg⁻¹ COD introduced to the reactor.The reactor tolerated considerable variation in influent pH without any apparent decrease in digestion efficiency. It is apparent from the results obtained that a reactor which is in routine use for slurry digestion may also be utilised for silage effluent digestion on a seasonal basis.     

流砂过滤器/超滤工艺用于饮料厂中水回用工程

采用流砂过滤器/超滤工艺处理饮料厂污染程度低的部分生产废水,并进行中水回用.其中砂滤出水符合《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》（GB/T 18920-2002）,可回用于厂区绿化、景观、洗车、冲厕等非生产用水;超滤出水接近自来水水质标准,可回用于生产用水.该项目经过近一年的运行,系统稳定,可节约市政自来水量为1 880 m3/d,经济和环境效益显著.