考虑负荷多无功用电场景的城市配电网无功优化配置

高比例电力电子设备与高比例分布式光伏的广泛接入以及城市电缆化率的提升,使配电网用户侧的无功特性变得复杂,导致负荷无功用电不确定性增加,不利于配电网安全运行。因此,为了更好地进行无功优化配置,文章采用不同负荷日功率因数变化曲线的组合场景及其概率来反映无功用电的不确定性,以运行成本的期望值最小为目标,建立多无功用电场景的期望值优化配置模型。首先,利用多重一维卷积自编码器(one-dimensional convolutional autoencoders,1D-CAEs)提取不同用户日功率因数数据的低维表征;随后,利用k-means方法进行场景缩减,获得典型日功率因数变化场景,并组合出多用户的场景集;最后,建立期望值无功优化模型,采用粒子群算法求解,确定出最优配置方案。依据上海市某配电网不同类型用户实际的无功用电信息,采用改进的IEEE 33节点系统进行仿真,以验证所提方法的有效性。     

排水系统中雨水检查井局部水头损失分析北大核心CSCD

在对排水系统中的排水管道进行设计时,除沿程水头损失外,局部水头损失也会在特定情况下占比较大,同样不可忽略。为此,根据排水管道及雨水检查井模型的试验数据,计算了不同工况下雨水检查井的局部水头损失系数,并对计算结果进行了分析。分析结果表明:雨水检查井主支管流量比对局部水头损失系数的影响较大,为主要影响因素。随流量比的增加,局部水头损失系数增幅可达1.2;雨水检查井形状及主支管接合角度为非主要影响因素,二者对局部水头损失系数的影响均小于0.2,下游水深及出流总流量对雨水检查井局部水头损失系数几乎不产生影响;所得结果与已有成果的对比分析表明,设置对称侧支管可减小雨水检查井的局部水头损失。该结果有助于深入认识雨水检查井局部水头损失的变化特点,为实际工程中优化城市排水系统设计、完善城市洪水管理方案提供计算依据。     

基于IGBT选型的整流器、逆变器损耗计算新方法研究

随着“双碳”概念深入人心,为满足企业对于节能减排、绿色发展的要求,以1 140 V/75 kW变频调速系统为研究对象,提出一种新颖的整流器和逆变器IGBT计算损耗方法,用于IGBT的选择和电力电子散热装置的设计。在实现过程中,考虑栅极驱动电阻和直流母线电压对损耗的影响,给出IGBT的导通损耗、总开关损耗、效率和结温的分析方法。基于IGBT损耗与结温的相互作用,得出IGBT结温曲线。并对IGBT进行了选择校核,仿真及实验验证了所提方案的正确性。     

基于5G移动通信网络的城市轨道交通PIS系统应用探究

5G移动通信网络采用新一代蜂窝移动技术,其数据传输速率高于第四代移动通信网络的十倍之多,将第五代移动通信网络应用于城市轨道交通PIS无线系统中,可改善目前基于无线局域网构建的PIS系统中通讯信号易干扰、故障多等弊端。本文从LTE-A技术、MIMO增强技术、MEC技术等5G移动通信关键技术为切入点,从城市轨道交通系统的核心层、接入层、应用层出发,构建全新的智慧轨道交通系统。     

储能锂离子电池包单体内部温度压力模拟

针对储能锂离子电池热失控引发的安全问题,开发一种高效锂离子软包电池内部温度压力模拟方法,为储能系统提供电池状态实时监测工具。首先,通过融合化学反应模型、热路模型和膨胀模型,将软包电池内部生热、产气、传热、膨胀等过程集成到统一的计算框架中。其次,建立基于微分方程组的软包电池温度、压力计算模型,反应模型和热路模型通过温度、生热率等状态参数彼此耦合。再次,将该方法应用于4款电池样本进行温度、压力模拟。计算值和实测值对比表明,该方法能高效计算锂离子软包电池内部温度和压力,最大模拟误差小于4%,具有良好的计算精度。并且,该方法求解过程无需调用耗时的多物理场耦合仿真,计算效率高。     

基于时空图卷积网络的交通事故风险预测研究

交通事故的预测是通过对过去路段发生的交通事故进行分析,在综合考虑影响交通事故的相关因素后,对未来路段的交通事故发生状态进行预测。以往的大多数研究通常采用传统机器学习方法或单一深度学习模型预测法,利用网格化确定预测空间的单位,忽略了影响交通事故的天气、路况等外部因素,导致模型的预测性能不佳。提出一种基于时空特性的城市交通事故风险预测模型,在模型中使用改进的时空图卷积网络,利用图卷积网络（GCN）提取空间相关特征,并加入批标准化层解决梯度消失爆炸问题。在时间维度上采用门控线性单元（GLU）实现一维卷积操作,提取时间相关特征,并将GCN和GLU组合成时空卷积模块提取时空相关特征,使用均方误差损失函数解决样本数据零膨胀问题。实验结果表明,与GLU、SDCAE和ConvLSTM模型相比,该模型的RMSE指标分别降低了28%、4.87%、4.19%,能有效捕获时空相关性,综合性能得到较大提升。     

Study on the preparation and microstructure of a single-crystal hollow turbine blade

This paper studied the structural design of a ceramic core and a blade, ceramic core localization, shell preparation, casting process, core leaching technology, and the heat treatment process of a single-crystal hollow turbine blade. The results show that the single-crystal structure solidification sequence of the blade platform is consistent with the cooling sequence and the pulling-out direction of the blade. The primary dendrites were obviously enlarged with the increase of the blade thickness owing to the change in the local cooling rate. Besides, the γ′ phase had a high uniform size distribution ranging from 0.40 to 0.60?µm after heat treatment, and the cubic degree was more homogeneous in comparison with the as-cast microstructure, which are favorable for the superalloy structure. Moreover, γ′ phase size gradually increased and its quantity gradually reduced owing to the increase of the wall thickness in the growth direction.     

The transient response of a functionally graded piezoelectric rod subjected to a moving heat source under fractional order theory of thermoelasticity

The transient thermo-piezoelectric response of a functionally graded piezoelectric rod subjected to a moving heat source is investigated in the context of fractional order theory of thermoelasticity proposed by Sherief. The material properties of the functionally graded piezoelectric rod are assumed to vary exponentially along the length, except for the thermal relaxation time and the specific heat, which are taken to be constant. To solve the governing equations of the problem, Laplace transform is applied, eliminating the time effect; the analytical solutions of the displacement, stress, temperature, and electric field in Laplace domain are obtained. Subsequently, the solutions of the considered variables in time domain are obtained by numerical Laplace inversion and illustrated graphically. In calculation, the effect of the fractional order parameter on the variations of the considered variables is presented.     

Experimental study of the influence of cold heat exchanger geometry on the performance of a co-axial pulse tube cooler

Improving the performance of the pulse tube cooler is one of the important objectives of the current studies. Besides the phase shifters and regenerators, heat exchangers also play an important role in determining the system efficiency and cooling capacity. A series of experiments on a 10 W @ 77 K class co-axial type pulse tube cooler with different cold heat exchanger geometries are presented in this paper. The cold heat exchangers are made from a copper block with radial slots, cut through using electrical discharge machining. Different slot widths varying from 0.12 mm to 0.4 mm and different slot numbers varying from around 20–60 are investigated, while the length of cold heat exchangers are kept the same. The cold heat exchanger geometry is classified into three groups, namely, constant heat transfer area, constant porosity and constant slot width. The study reveals that a large channel width of 0.4 mm (about ten times the thermal penetration depth of helium gas at 77 K, 100 Hz and 3.5 MPa) shows poor performance, the other results show complicated interaction effects between slot width and slot number. These systematic comparison experiments provide a useful reference for selecting a cold heat exchanger geometry in a practical cooler.     

Effects of microstructural heterogeneity on very high cycle fatigue properties of 7050-T7451 aluminum alloy friction stir butt welds

In this study, the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) properties of 7050-T7451 aluminum alloy and its friction stir welding (FSW) butt welds have been investigated. The results show that the failure of FSW joints still occurs at 7.0 × 10⁸ cycles. The fatigue properties of the FSW joints are superior to those of the base material, especially in the super long life regime. Most fatigue cracks initiate at the thermo-mechanically affected zone and heat affected zone on the advancing side of the FSW joints, and the susceptibility of these zones to fatigue is attributed to the metallurgical heterogeneity.