激光热处理对1Cr5Mo钢焊接接头组织结构的影响

利用CO_2激光对1Cr5Mo耐热钢焊接接头进行表面热处理,通过4XC型光学显微镜对激光热处理前后焊接接头各区显微组织和晶粒度等级进行分析,并采用X射线应力仪测定激光热处理前后焊接接头残余应力和残余奥氏体的分布规律。结果表明:经激光热处理后1Cr5Mo耐热钢焊接接头表面晶粒发生细化,焊缝区、熔合区、过热区和正火区晶粒等级由9级、9.8级、8级和10.7级提升至10级、10.2级、8.5级和11级,组织结构薄弱区域由过热区、焊缝区和熔合区减少为过热区,均匀性得到了明显改善;激光热处理消除了焊接接头表面残余拉应力,形成了深度约为0.28mm的残余压应力层,残余奥氏体含量有所提高,分布更均匀,有利于改善其力学性能。     

水泥回转窑一维数学模型研究进展及趋势

全面系统地综述了国内外水泥回转窑一维数学模型,重点介绍了传热模型、料床运动模型、煤粉燃烧模型和熟料矿物形成模型。应用MATLAB编程、求解,展示并分析了不同模型及关键参数对模拟结果的影响。在此基础上,展望了回转窑一维数学模型的发展趋势。     

溶液燃烧法合成Co3O4纳米粉体及热处理研究

分别以氨基乙酸、柠檬酸、葡萄糖为燃料,Co(NO_3)_2·6H_2O为氧化剂,采用溶液燃烧法合成Co_3O_4粉体,并对氨基乙酸为燃料合成的Co_3O_4粉体在500℃、600℃和700℃热处理,研究其结构、微观形貌和磁学性能。研究表明各燃料配制的前驱体溶液在300℃均可发生燃烧反应合成Co_3O_4粉体,以氨基乙酸为燃料时,合成粉体的颗粒较大,中间有气孔,分散性好,残留少量的氨基乙酸。n(氨基乙酸)∶n(硝酸钴)=1.11∶1时合成的Co_3O_4粉体600℃热处理后得到了高纯度、分散性好、平均径向尺寸80nm的Co_3O_4纳米粉体。以氨基乙酸为燃料合成的Co_3O_4产物在600℃和700℃热处理后,其矫顽力和剩磁值都比500℃热处理后的要小。     

环保型石膏-水泥-火山灰胶凝体系的早期水化过程研究

应用X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)及热流仪研究了组分、水化环境对环保型石膏-水泥-火山灰胶凝体系(Gypsum-cement-pozzolan binder system,GCP)早期水化过程的影响。结果表明,胶凝体系水化后产物主要由钙矾石、生石膏、羟钙石、方解石以及非晶态CSH凝胶组成。随着水化龄期的延长,钙矾石的含量增加,而生石膏的含量减少。高效减水剂的掺入延缓了GCP胶凝体系的初期水化(0~70h)。在原料中加入偏高岭土可以促进钙矾石的生成;而加入硅微粉则会抑制钙矾石的生成。羟钙石仅可在水化开始后的第一周内测得,之后会由于火山灰反应而被消耗。水中养护促进钙矾石的生成,阻碍试样与二氧化碳的接触,使得方解石的含量大幅下降。     

中空涤纶/不锈钢/竹炭保温透湿材料的开发及性能研究

通过花式捻线方法将中空涤纶、不锈钢长丝和竹炭纤维三种功能性纤维并捻获得复合纱线,利用纱线强度、毛羽和实际捻度测试,得到最佳的纱线纺制参数。并采用最佳工艺参数纺制的包绕纱线进行平纹织物织造,对其织物透湿性、远红外发射率以及保温性能进行测试表征,最终制备一种可用于防寒服的新型保温透湿织物。结果表明,缠绕捻度为上捻度200,下捻度0时,纺制的包芯纱具有最佳捻度。中空涤纶/不锈钢/竹炭织物透湿率为5 184g/(m2·24h),达到透湿织物透湿要求的2倍以上。一至四层织物的远红外发射率均在70%及以上,符合远红外发射率具有功能性结果的范围。织物克罗值达到7.355clo,高于极低温作业穿着克罗值51.6%,可满足极低温环境下的织物保温要求。织物保温率为62.43%,相比于棉、毛等传统纺织原料,织物保温率可以提升2倍以上。     

大型原油浮顶储罐非稳态传热过程数值模拟

随着石油储备建设的高速发展,油罐规模正向大型化以及能适应极限工况的方向发展.为了避免油温过低而造成凝罐等安全事故,需要准确掌握罐内油品温度场的变化规律.本文根据能量守恒定律,采用分步式算法求解储罐传热系数,将其代入到由Taylor级数展开法所建立的节点非稳态传热离散方程中,并进行数值求解.对大庆某10×104m3浮顶储罐的应用分析表明:随着环境温度的降低,罐内油品温度降速率逐渐增大,储罐液位越高,容积越大,罐内原油温度就越高,温降速率就越小.研究结果对于优化大型浮顶罐的储存工艺设计,保障油库安全经济运行提供了重要的技术支持.     

蒸养温度效应及其对水泥基材料热伤损的影响＊

采用温度传感器测试了水泥基材料在标养和蒸养条件下温度的变化,结合X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析(TGA)及压汞(MIP)等方法,研究了水化产物和微结构的变化。结果表明,蒸养中试件表层首先开始升温,升温结束时表层温度比内部高约30℃;随后内部升温超过表层,恒温3h,内部温度比表层高约25℃。蒸养温度效应对水化产物的生成未产生较显著的影响,但对表层孔结构和微观形貌影响显著。蒸养结束时,试件表层的总孔隙率以及大于200nm的有害孔比例分别是内部的1.22倍和10.3倍;继续标养至28d时有效降低了总孔隙率,但大于200nm的有害孔比例仍为标养试件的1.6倍。     

热管真空灌装封装系统研制及参数优化

热管真空灌装封装技术是制作热管的关键技术。工业上运用广泛的方法是"沸腾排气法",但该方法存在质量控制精度差和真空度不足等缺陷。常见的热管封装技术为冷焊技术,但封装过程中容易导致真空破坏。针对这些不足,研制了一种热管真空灌装封装系统:利用真空泵使热管内部实现高真空,同时利用液压装置对热管实现封装;对系统灌装封装流程进行优化设计,基于MFC编制了远程控制程序;通过实验,对液压压力进行优化,得到了最佳运行参数。该系统克服了沸腾排气法和现有冷焊技术的不足,达到较好的生产效果。     

Contextual heat island assessment for pavement preservation

Pavement preservation (PP) is a planned set of construction and material interventions that can extend the pavement’s service life and may also impact sustainability through Heat Island (HI) mitigation. The HI mitigation potential can vary from location-to-location and with time. For agencies to widely adopt the PP, it is necessary to quantify the benefits based on the context of the project. A method to calculate the Global Warming Potential (GWP) for the HI effect was developed and illustrated for four cities in the US: Chicago, Austin, San Diego and Philadelphia, for hypothetical pavements with three preservation options: chip seals, a concrete inlay, and an asphalt concrete inlay. The use phase GWP with respect to HI was estimated for all cases given a 2-, 5-, 7- or 10-year service life. Overall, the HI in the use phase was found to dominate the total GWP relative to the materials and construction phases. The HI GWP savings increase over time, with the 10-year savings being greatest for San Diego using the concrete inlay (22.5?kg CO₂-eq/m²) and smallest for Chicago with a chip seal (8.0?kg CO₂-eq/m²). The savings were found to increase in areas that have a more pronounced HI and could offset GWP in the other phases. The proposed method allows agencies to estimate HI GWP for a specific preservation strategy, location and service life.     

Effects of T5 heat treatment on extrusion welds in AZ80 hollow profile

AZ80 hollow profile was produced by porthole-die extrusion. The mechanical behavior and microstructure characteristic of extrusion welds in AZ80 hollow profile during different T5 heat treatments were investigated. Five kinds of morphologies of β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ were observed in turn in weld regions under various temperatures. Extrusion weld is not weakest region in AZ80 hollow profile in terms of hardness, the peak hardness of weld regions is roughly equal to the weld-free regions at different aging temperatures, which is attributed to similar volume fraction, morphology, and size of β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ precipitate in weld regions and weld-free regions. The precipitate-free zones (PFZs) usually form near the welds interface in aging process, and the hardness of PFZs is usually lower than those of weld regions and weld-free regions. Aging at 200°C for 24?h is suitable heat treatment system for AZ80 hollow profile, which can achieve excellent mechanical property and simultaneously reduce the width of PFZs.