An empirical assessment of the form of utility functions.

Utility functions, which relate subjective value to physical attributes of experience, are fundamental to most decision theories. Seven experiments were conducted to test predictions of the most widely assumed mathematical forms of utility (power, log, and negative exponential), and a function proposed by Rachlin (1992). For pairs of gambles for real monetary gains, undergraduate and nonstudent subjects either reported an equalizing amount for 1 outcome that made the gambles subjectively equal or chose between gambles where the amounts were varied across trial, which allowed the equalizing amount to be estimated from their pattern of choices. Using a novel method that eliminates several limitations of previous research, I manipulated the outcomes across trials such that each type of utility function predicted a linear relationship between the equalizing amounts and the amounts of the other outcomes, and made point predictions for either the slope or intercept of that relationship. In a meta-analysis across experiments, systematic departures from the point predictions were observed for each type of utility function. Thus, the data imply that despite their historical importance and incorporation in many psychological and economic decision theories, the most widely assumed models of utility are incorrect. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

煤气锅炉机组变负荷运行安全经济性分析

宁波钢铁有限公司余能发电厂135 MW汽轮发电机组利用富余煤气进行发电,承担了公司煤气调峰任务,导致机组负荷波动较大.通过变负荷试验,对机组变负荷运行时锅炉汽包使用寿命、锅炉水循环可靠性等进行全面分析,给出了经济性比较,提出了定滑定优化运行方式及运行时应注意的事项.     

基于模糊偏好的多目标粒子群算法在库存控制中的应用

针对多目标库存控制中决策者对目标偏好的不确定性问题,定义了模糊偏好的效用函数,提出了一种基于模糊偏好的多目标粒子群优化算法的求解方法.该方法在改进的双极偏好粒子群优化算法基础上,引入模糊隶属度函数,给出了模糊偏好效用函数的计算方法;利用该函数对得到的非支配解集进行效用评价,以效用评价值作为选取优化方案的依据.针对连续盘点(r,Q)多目标库存控制模型,仿真实验表明:该方法有效地解决了决策者对库存总成本、年平均缺货率和年平均缺货量目标偏好的不确定性问题,为决策者提供了优化的库存控制方案.     

投标者为风险规避型引入佣金的分析(一)

在投标者为风险规避型的情况下,考虑引入佣金对拍卖结果的影响,发现在对称独立私有价值模型中,对于密封一价拍卖和密封二价拍卖,佣金比例k越大,则投标者的报价越低,卖方的期望收益越少,拍卖行的期望收益越大,但投标者的期望效用与k无关。     

基于语言OWA算子的潜艇研制立项风险评估

针对在潜艇研制中存在风险的问题,运用基于语言OW A算子和效用函数来评估潜艇研制中的风险,从而将每名专家对风险评估的意见综合为专家组的一致意见,实现了潜艇研制立项风险的粗评估。最后,通过实例说明该方法的有效性。     

国际工程投标的标价优化

本文利用概率论，线性代数和效用理论来解决竞争性投标中的标价优化问题。参与投标的施工企业对以前的投标数据作概率统计，并为所选的投标指标建立效用函数，将正在投标的新项目的数据与过去的经验数据全面对照，经数据处理后计算出最高的期望标价从而达到既能中标又能最大限度地提高标价的目的。     

Modeling and Optimization of the Steam Turbine Network of an Ethylene Plant

In this paper, we developed a hybrid model for the steam turbines of a utility system, which combines an improved neural network model with the thermodynamic model. Then, a nonlinear programming (NLP) model of the steam turbine network is formulated by utilizing the developed steam turbine models to minimize the total steam cost for the whole steam turbine network. Finally, this model is applied to optimize the steam turbine network of an ethylene plant. The obtained results demonstrate that this hybrid model can accurately estimate and evaluate the performance of steam turbines, and the significant cost savings can be made by optimizing the steam turbine network operation at no capital cost.     

棉纺工艺计算机辅助设计DSRI系统

本文介绍了一种棉纺工艺计算机辅助设计 DSRI 系统。用户通过交互方式输入工艺参数后,系统即能在短时间内自动生成合理的棉纺工艺表,并按规定格式打印输出。文中详细论述了该系统的构成和工作原理。     

导热油换热器预热煤粉气流的试验研究

提出在煤粉进入燃烧室之前对煤粉气流进行预热处理的新型工艺,减轻一次风对炉膛的冷却效应,加速煤粉燃烧. 设计采用导热油预热煤粉气流的带翅板管壳式换热器,搭建中试规模试验台,通过实验研究油温、油质量流量、风温、风速、煤风质量比对系统换热特性及试验台阻力特性的影响. 试验结果验证了该换热器采用导热油来预热一次风煤粉气流的技术可行性,提出的新型预热工艺具有环保节能的现实意义. 试验结果表明,当煤风质量比为0.15时,190 ℃的导热油可以将煤粉气流从58.4 ℃预热到113 ℃以上. 提出的预热工艺有利于改善煤粉气流的着火性能,促进煤粉锅炉的低负荷稳燃.     

简论紫砂壶审美的四个因素

自紫砂制作技艺完善以后,紫砂壶的美学特质、性质、实质、本质等审美理论一直是被有意无意的忽略或错解,这就直接阻碍了紫砂艺人们对自身综合能力的提高。本文就影响紫砂审美的特质、性质、实质、本质四个因素进行初略的分析。