Turbulence damping above the cloud height in suspensions of concentrated slurries in stirred tanks

Poor mixing in the clear liquid layer above the cloud height has been reported by several authors. This study uses LDV measurements to quantify turbulence above the cloud using a liquid level of 1.5 T to remove the barrier of a free surface at H = T. A D = T/3, down-pumping PBT was used at an off-bottom clearance of C = T/3. Three slurries were tested at impeller speeds 0.8, 1, and 1.2N_js. The change in turbulence was quantified using the normalized root mean square (RMS) of the fluctuating velocity summed and averaged over each radial traverse. A significant difference between the fluctuating values of the cloud height—minimum, average, and maximum—was observed. The turbulence decays until the maximum cloud height. Beyond that, it remains constant and near zero. The effects of both particle size and solids concentration prove to be important.     

Combined Effects of Reservoir Operations and Climate Warming on the Flow Regime of Hydropower Bypass Reaches of California's Sierra Nevada

Alterations to flow regimes from regulation and climatic change both affect the biophysical functioning of rivers over long time periods and large spatial areas. Historically, however, the effects of these flow alteration drivers have been studied separately. In this study, results from unregulated and regulated river management models were assessed to understand how flow regime alterations from river regulation differ under future climate conditions in the Sierra Nevada of California, USA. Four representative flow alteration metrics—mean annual flow, low flow duration, centroid timing and mean weekly rate of decrease—were calculated and statistically characterized under historical and future unregulated and regulated conditions over a 20‐year period at each of the eight regulated river locations below dams across the Sierra Nevada. Future climatic conditions were represented by assuming an increase in air temperature of 6 °C above historical (1981–2000) air temperatures, with no change in other meteorological conditions. Results indicate that climate warming will measurably alter some aspects of the flow regime. By comparison, however, river regulation with business‐as‐usual operations will alter flow regimes much more than climate warming. Existing reservoirs can possibly be used to dampen the anticipated effects of climate warming through improved operations, though additional research is needed to identify the full suite of such possibilities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于概率分布距离的多响应模型确认度量

针对模型确认中的确认度量问题,构造实验观测数据经验概率分布的置信包络。通过计算其与模型响应概率分布之间距离的上/下确界,给出基于概率分布距离确认度量的置信区间。通过构造与实验观测数据有关的协方差矩阵,给出基于概率分布距离的多响应模型确认度量及其置信区间的求解方式。该度量利用了模型输出与实验观测的完整概率分布信息,并且考虑了各模型响应间的相关性。算例仿真结果表明其确认错误率低于现有的其他两种确认度量。     

An Approach for Validation of Digital Anti-Forensic Evidence

ABSTRACT

e-crime is increasing and e-criminals are becoming better at masking their activities. The task of forensic data analysis is becoming more difficult and a systematic approach towards evidence validation is necessary. With no standard validation framework, the skills and interpretation of forensic examiners are unchecked. Standard practices in forensics have emerged in recent years, but none has addressed the development of a model of valid digital evidence. Various security and forensic models exist, but they do not address the validity of the digital evidence collected. Research has addressed the issues of validation and verification of forensic software tools but failed to address the validation of forensic evidence. The forensic evidence collected using forensic software tools can be questioned using an anti-forensic approach. The research presented in this paper is not intended to question the skills of forensic examiners in using forensic software tools but rather to guide forensic examiners to look at evidence in an anti-forensic way. This paper proposes a formal procedure to validate evidence of computer crime.     

考虑禁锢空气影响的层状土壤Green-Ampt入渗模型及试验验证

为考虑土壤孔隙中禁锢空气对入渗水流的阻滞作用,引入饱和度系数Sa（Sa小于1）来量化湿润区的饱和程度,建立了改进的层状土壤Green-Ampt入渗模型（MGAM）,并提出了由土壤物理特性参数估算Sa的计算公式。为检验MGAM的适用性,分别在室内长土柱和田间进行层状土壤的积水入渗试验,并采用MGAM、传统的Green-A...     

Research in the Development of Finite Element Software for Creep Damage Analysis

This paper reports the development of finite element software for creep damage analysis. Creep damage deformation and failure of high temperature structure is a serious problem for power generation and it is even more technically demanding under the current increasing demand of power and economic and sustainability pressure. This paper primarily consists of three parts： （1） the need and the justification of the development of in-house software; （2） the techniques in developing such software for creep damage analysis; （3） the validation of the finite element software conducted under plane stress, plane strain, axisymmetric, and 3 dimensional cases. This paper contributes to the computational creep damage mechanics in general.     

软件可靠性测试用例的复用度量

针对目前基于复用的软件可靠性测试缺少对测试用例复用度量的现实问题,在构建测试用例复用模型的基础上,首先应用特征分析法求解测试用例各复用资源的权重,然后再分别计算它们在测试中的复用度,最后求解得到测试用例的平均复用度。从定量的角度解决了测试用例的复用度量问题。     

一种新的因特网拓扑的序列分析方法:dM序列分析方法

网络拓扑研究的一项重要内容是分析网络拓扑的特征并生成满足这些特征的拓扑图。拓扑图特征的dK序列分析技术是一种系统化的拓扑分析技术,它能够以不同的精度描述拓扑图的特征,随着d的增加,其生成的拓扑图能够在各种重要的拓扑度量方面越来越接近原始拓扑图,因而对因特网拓扑研究具有重要意义。dK序列分析技术的问题在于状态数较多,生成算法复杂,当d>2时没有直接的生成算法。本文提出了一种新的基于邻接图分布的拓扑图特征的序列分析技术:dM序列分析技术。与dK序列分析技术相比,dM序列分析技术具有状态数少、生成算法简单的优势,因此更适合于大规模拓扑图如因特网AS拓扑的研究。     

一一对应人脸自动识别身份验证的方法与应用

为实现人脸自动识别科技成果的广泛应用,本文规避现有的人脸自动识别的缺陷与不足,借鉴其成熟技术,提出在固定背景和光照的条件下,采用一对一比对,在＂合作用户＂领域中将人脸自动识别应用于身份验证的新方法。通过对人脸自动识别现有成熟技术、发展趋势和发展前景的论证,得出一一对应人脸自动识别身份验证的方法的技术路线完全可行,值得推广应用的结论。     

QuickBird and Hyperion data analysis of an invasive plant species in the Galapagos Islands of Ecuador: Implications for control and land use management

In the Galapagos Islands of Ecuador, one of the greatest threats to the terrestrial ecosystem is the increasing number and areal extent of invasive species. Increased human presence on the islands has hastened the introduction of plant and animal species that threaten the native and endemic flora and fauna. Considerable research on invasive species in the Galapagos Islands has been conducted by the Charles Darwin Foundation. We complement that work through a spatially- and spectrally-explicit satellite assessment of an important invasive plant species (Psidium guajava — guava) on Isabela Island that integrates diverse remote sensing systems, data types, spatial and spectral resolutions, and analytical and image processing approaches. QuickBird and Hyperion satellite data are processed to characterize the areal extent and spatial structure of guava through the following approaches: (1) QuickBird data are classified through a traditional pixel-based approach (i.e., an unsupervised classification approach using the ISODATA algorithm), as well as an Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) approach; (2) multiple approaches for spectral “unmixing” of the Hyperion hyper-spectral data are assessed to construct spectral end-members from QuickBird data using linear and non-linear mixture modeling approaches; and (3) landscape pattern metrics are calculated and compared for the pixel-based, object-based, and spectral unmixing approaches. The spectral–spatial characteristics of guava are interpreted relative to management strategies for the control of guava and the restoration of natural ecosystems in the Galapagos National Park.