Undrained Limit States of Shallow Foundations Acting in Consort

There is no established procedure for the calculation of bearing capacity of a shallow foundation system comprising cojoined footings. Ad hoc approaches are relied on and may simply involve summing the ultimate limit states of the individual footings as if they acted independently; neglecting additional capacity of the system available from the kinematic constraint provided by the structural connection between the footings. In this study, the undrained capacity under general loading of rigidly connected two-footing systems at various separations has been investigated with finite-element analyses. Results are presented in terms of ultimate limit states under pure vertical (V), horizontal (H), and moment (M) loading, and failure envelopes defining limiting load states under combined VH, VM, HM, and VHM loads. Kinematic failure mechanisms observed in the finite-element analyses are presented and in cases used to provide the basis for upper bound solutions.     

Scale Effects of Shallow Foundation Bearing Capacity on Granular Material

Scale effects of shallow foundation bearing capacity on granular materials were investigated to further evaluate the trend of decreasing bearing capacity factor, Nγ, with increasing footing width, B, observed by other researchers. Model-scale square and circular footing tests ranging in width from 0.025 to 0.914?m were performed on two compacted sands at three relative densities. Results of the model-scale footing tests show that the bearing capacity factor, Nγ, is dependent on the absolute width of the footing for both square and circular footings. Although this phenomenon is well known, the current study used a large range of footing sizes tested on well-graded sands to show that the previously reported modifications to the bearing capacity factor, Nγ, using grain-size and reference footing width do not sufficiently account for the scale effect seen in the test results from this study. It also shows that behavior of most model-scale footing tests cannot be directly correlated to the behavior of full-scale tests because of differences in mean stresses experienced beneath footings of varying sizes. The relationship of the initial testing conditions (i.e., void ratio) of the sand beds and mean stress experienced beneath the footing (correlated to footing size) to the critical state line controls footing behavior and, therefore, model-scale tests must be performed at a lower density than a corresponding prototype footing in order to correctly predict behavior. Small footings were shown to have low mean stresses but high Nγ values, which indicates high operative friction angles and may be related to the curvature of the Mohr–Coulomb failure envelope.     

Coupled Macroelement Model of Soil-Structure Interaction in Deep Foundations

The principal objective of this study is the development and calibration of a macroelement model for soil-pile interaction under simultaneously applied lateral and vertical loads. Herein, we focus on cast-in-drilled-hole single piles that are partially or fully embedded in soil, which are frequently used as support structures in highway construction. The model is calibrated and verified using primarily three-dimensional finite-element simulations and, whenever possible, with experimental data obtained from open literature. These data indicate that lateral loads significantly affect the vertical response of single piles, whereas the converse coupling is negligible. The proposed macroelement model is capable of mimicking this phenomenon. As such, it is a computationally efficient alternative to finite-element analyses, and is feasible to be utilized in practical applications.     

南平文化中心广场北区的结构设计

通过对文化中心广场北区的结构设计的介绍,阐明了在高层建筑设计中,建筑与结构合二为一,即要满足建筑的适用美观,又要突出结构安全的重要性,同时又要经济并利于施工,在桩基的选型与设计中,要综合考虑施工条件、经济、工期等诸多因素。     

不同运动方向两桩间桩-土-桩相互作用

通过离心模型试验和数值模拟手段研究不同运动方向下桩间距为3倍桩径的两桩间相互作用规律,并分析桩间距、土体内摩擦角以及不同桩头位移对前、后桩折减系数的影响。通过分析表明,沿不同方向运动的两桩间存在明显的桩-土-桩相互作用,该相互作用效果与桩所在位置有明显关系,前桩的相互作用折减系数明显大于于后桩;当桩间距在3～5倍桩径范围内,前、后桩折减系数随桩间距近似线性变化;砂土内摩察角对折减系数的影响可以忽略。另外,不同加载方式对两桩的折减系数也有一定影响。     

桩承式路堤中土拱效应的改进Hewlett算法

桩承式路堤的承载机制即路堤在路堤荷载以及外部荷载的共同作用下，路堤内部力的传递与分布情况，而土拱效应是路堤承载特性与各组成部分相互作用的综合反映，因此分析桩承式路堤的承载机制，最重要的就是研究其土拱效应。在对Hewlett的平面和空间土拱效应计算方法作必要阐述基础上，对Hewlett空间土拱效应下塑性点出现在桩顶时的边界条件作了改进，得到改进后的桩土荷载分担比计算式。并用改进后的计算方法、Hewlett的方法分析桩土荷载分担比随桩帽宽与桩心距之比、桩心距与路堤高度之比、路堤填料内摩擦角的变化规律，并进行比较分析。最后通过与实测数据和数值分析结果的对比，验证该改进算法的可靠性与可行性，可供工程设计时参考。     

砂土中竖向和弯矩荷载下单桩水平承载特性试验研究

 为研究单桩在桩顶预先施加竖向和弯矩荷载下的水平承载特性,通过自行加工的组合荷载加载装置,进行一系列室内单桩模型试验,分析砂土中预先施加的不同竖向和弯矩荷载对单桩水平荷载下的水平位移、桩顶转角、桩身弯矩以及地基比例系数m值的影响。试验结果表明：当预先施加的竖向荷载小于单桩竖向极限承载力的一半(Vu/2)时,相同水平荷载下单桩的水平位移有所减小,单桩的水平极限承载力得到提高,桩身最大弯矩有所减小,并且竖向荷载越大,越有利于单桩的水平承载性能;弯矩荷载的存在不利于单桩的水平承载能力,显著降低单桩的水平极限承载力;另外,水平荷载的施加对单桩的竖向位移影响较小;当砂面处水平位移较小时,m值随着水平位移的增加迅速降低,当水平位移增加到一定程度,m值减小的幅度越来越小,最后趋于一个稳定值。     

吸力式桶形基础负压安装的渗流侵蚀过程研究

针对吸力式桶形基础负压安装渗流侵蚀效应,建立轴对称坐标下吸力桶在砂性土中负压沉贯的数值模型,应用包含土骨架、流体和液化土颗粒的三相耦合模型描述海床土体,计算负压作用下海床的渗流场分布,并模拟负压引起的渗流侵蚀过程.渗流侵蚀可改变不同区域土体的渗透率,进而引起水力梯度从内侧向外侧转移.基于孔隙水压力场的重新分布,揭示出负...     

The implicit assumptions of modern psychology.

Presents the Presidential Address to the Division of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology (Division 24) of the American Psychological Association, delivered August 25. 1985. The author discusses the key philosophical and theoretical issues facing modern psychology as well as the "perennially problematic" intellectual foundations of psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Biparametric Models for Elastic Wedge Foundation

In this paper, some biparametric models for an elastic foundation are proposed. It is assumed that the foundation has the shape of the wedge. The modeling procedure starts from the linear elasticity equations into which we introduce some simplifying assumptions based on the conceptions of decay functions. The simplified models are described by the ordinary differential equations. Stationary and nonstationary Green’s functions for the foundation considered are obtained by applying the Hankel and Laplace transform methods. An example of the interaction between the rigid plate and the elastic wedge foundation is studied.