浙江某工业园区强夯法处理地基的事故分析

 对浙江某工业园区1#厂房强夯法处理地基的事故原因进行分析,并提出该场地独立承台和场地地面的加固措施。分析表明,1#厂房表层填土厚度差异性较大,且场地较深处存在着相对软弱下卧层,强夯法的加固深度有限,加之局部区域夯击能不足,是造成1#厂房强夯法地基处理事故的主要原因。因此,对于同一土层厚度差异较大且深处有相对软弱下卧层的场地,不宜单独采用强夯法处理地基。为控制场区内独立承台的沉降,将1#厂房所有独立承台纠正到统一标高后,可补桩加固该场地的独立承台。对于场地地面,可采用直接灌水泥浆的方法来消除较厚填土层发生的工后沉降。     

钻孔灌注桩孔壁稳定性分析

 采用有限元数值模拟与有限元强度折减法,研究土体性质、泥浆相对密度、孔深、孔半径等因素对钻孔灌注桩孔壁稳定性的影响。研究结果表明：(1) 黏性土地基中孔壁稳定性问题主要是缩径问题,土质越差、孔半径越大或孔越深,缩径量越大,提高泥浆相对密度能有效地减小缩径量;(2) 砂土地基中孔壁稳定性问题主要是坍孔问题,孔壁土体产生一定的塑性区后,很容易发生破坏,同时这种破坏会向四周蔓延扩散,最终形成坍孔。影响砂土地基孔壁稳定性的主要因素是泥浆相对密度,为保证孔壁稳定,砂土地基中最小泥浆相对密度应使得泥浆侧压力不小于土体静止侧压力。研究成果可为软土地基中钻孔灌注桩设计与施工提供参考。     

Clearwater Local Scour at Complex Piers

A new methodology to predict local scour depth at a complex pier is presented herein that combines existing expressions for scouring respectively at uniform piers, caisson-founded piers, pile groups with debris rafts, and pile groups alone. The method recognises the relative scouring potentials of the components of complex piers and the transition of scouring processes occurring for varying pile-cap elevation. The validity of the method is confirmed herein using the present and also historical measurements of local scour at complex piers. The proposed methodology has the advantages of being conceptually consistent with observed scour behaviours, relatively simple to apply, applicable to wide ranges of flow and sediment conditions (through incorporation into a more general analysis framework), and applicable over the entire range of possible pile-cap elevations. For design purposes, the present method highlights respective pile-cap elevations that maximize (i.e., to be avoided over the pier life) and minimize local scour at complex piers. The present method reinforces that where the pile-cap elevation relative to the bed can vary with time at a bridge site, potential local-scour depths need to be assessed over the range of possible pile-cap elevations for the pier.     

Effects of Prescribed End Motion on the Dynamic Stability of a Shallow Arch on an Elastic Foundation

The emphasis of this note is placed on finding out whether dynamic snap-through will occur when a shallow arch resting on an elastic foundation with elastic constant β is stretched or compressed with constant speed. It is found that for β>8/7 no dynamic snap-through will occur when the arch is stretched. However, as long as β<4, dynamic snap-through is still possible when the arch is compressed.     

Vibrations of a pipe on elastic foundations

A cantilevered pipe subjected to external transverse (or lateral) force is investigated. Two cases of elastic foundations are considered: rotational and both linear and rotational. The major findings are the variations in frequency with flow velocity and displacements at different points and times     

嵌岩旋挖扩底抗拔桩工程应用研究

 对于单轴抗压强度在14.4 MPa以下风化程度不同的泥岩、泥质砂岩互层的特殊地质条件,按照现行设计规范,抗拔桩基础往往难以找到合适的终孔地层,利用旋挖钻机成孔、扩孔施工工艺形成扩底抗拔桩解决上述问题,并根据现场原型试验,对嵌岩旋挖扩底抗拔桩承载规律进行研究。根据桩顶静载试验和桩身应变测量试验数据,分析抗拔桩的桩身开裂、桩身变形规律。分析后认为,嵌岩扩底抗拔桩极限承载力主要由桩侧摩阻力、扩大头抗拔力提供,桩侧摩阻力是逐渐发挥作用的,计算桩的极限抗拔力时不宜考虑全部的桩侧摩阻力,扩大头抗拔力在整个抗拔力中占较大比例。嵌岩扩底抗拔桩极限承载力主要受桩顶位移控制。极限承载力是桩顶位移达到极限值(即容许上拔量)所对应的承载力,而不是抗拔桩真正所能发挥出来的最大承载力。当上部结构对抗拔桩桩顶位移比较敏感时,宜采取措施控制桩身变形,而不是单一提高桩的极限抗拔承载力。     

黄土区特高压输电线路杆塔全掏挖基础抗拔分析

全掏挖基础是人工在地基中直接掏挖出基础形状,插入钢筋笼,灌入混凝土形成基础的一种施工方法。采用规范中给出的土重法和剪切法,计算了输电线路杆塔基础的抗拔承载力,并与有限元计算结果做了对比,分析了土重法和剪切法计算的极限抗拔力对应的基础周围土体状态。土重法和剪切法计算的极限抗拔力均小于有限元计算的极限抗拔力,3种方法极限抗拔力土体均处于弹性状态。剪切法计算结果大于土重法,且有相应的安全度,基础设计中可以采用剪切法。     

软岩桩基承载性能试验研究

 地王商会中心和佳得鑫广场是南宁市两座相邻的高层建筑,其基础均采用人工挖孔扩底桩,桩端嵌入第三系泥岩。广西南宁盆地广泛分布的第三系泥岩是典型的软岩,通常被选择作为建筑物桩基的持力层。为掌握软岩桩基的工程性质,采用自平衡试桩法进行上述2个工程共8根嵌岩桩的承载性能试验。考虑到各试桩的嵌岩深度和尺寸不同,为获得较好的试验结果,桩身荷载箱的设置采用不同型式。通过试验解决大吨位软岩扩底桩承载力测试难题,为工程设计提供所需的重要参数。对试验数据进行对比分析结果表明,浸水对软岩桩基的承载性能有较大的削弱。根据试验研究结论,施工中采取有效措施防止泥岩浸水,为今后类似工程的建设积累了宝贵的经验。     

桩基静载试验的几种反力装置与应用

本文简要介绍了桩基静载试验中常用的几种反力装置 ,并讨论了这几种反力装置的优缺点及应用情况。