Corrosion damage in welded joints in containers

The design of ultrasonic butt welded joints in rigid plastics with additional compressive force is investigated. Two methods of introducing the energy of ultrasonic oscillations in the immediate vicinity of the welding zone with the tangential introduction of the oscillations and the relative displacement of the welded elements in the joint plane and welding with two-sided tangential introduction of the oscillations are discussed.     

New ecological fluid bed nitrocarburising technology for improvement of properties in X160CrMoV121 steel

Abstract

New technologies for fluidised bed nitrocarburising are described that employ either a chemically active bed or a chemically inert bed, plus additional activation of the fluid bed with mechanical vibration (alone or accompanied by the flow of a gas medium). Investigations were performed on X160CrMoV121 tool steel, with three methods of nitrocarburisation, at 580°C for 2 and 4 h. The nitrocarburised layers produced were investigated via surface hardness tests and microhardness distribution examination, metallography and X-ray spectrometry. Wear results are also reported. The new processes are reported to reduce gas consumption and to provide better case properties under optimised process conditions.     

Time-resolved spectroscopy of infrared active vibrations in 2,5-dioctyloxy poly(phenylene vinylene) films

We report on picosecond time resolved spectroscopy of photogenerated infrared active vibrations in thin films of 2,5-dioctyloxy poly(phenylene vinylene). We excited the films by ?4 ps long pulses of 565 nm laser light with 2×10¹³ photons/cm² per pulse and repetition rate of 76 MHz. We then followed the temporal evolution of the infrared active vibrational (IRAV) spectrum using a subsequent, variably delayed, weak tunable IR probe pulses of similar temporal duration. Under these conditions, we show clear spectroscopic evidence for photogenerated infrared active vibrations at times which are shorter than our temporal resolution (<4 ps). We suggest that the transient IRAV absorption is due to secondary polarons formation following exciton dissociation.     

Influence of zinc and cadmium co-doping on optical and magnetic properties of cobalt ferrites

Zinc and cadmium based cobalt ferrites Zn_xCd_0.375-xCo_0.625Fe₂O₄ (where x = 0, 0.075, 0.125, 0.25) were successfully synthesized by a facile co-precipitation technique. Structural, optical and magnetic characteristics of the doped ferrites were systematically analyzed. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern confirmed the formation of cubic spinel structure in all samples. Scanning electron microscopic analysis of surface morphology revealed cubic and spherical shaped ferrite particles. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the existence of metal oxygen (M − O) bonding in the prepared samples. Moreover, the prepared samples exhibited two frequency bands corresponding to phonon vibrational stretching in both octahedral and tetrahedral lattice positions. The optical properties were investigated in detail through photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The PL spectrum confirmed the strong emission peaks in the ultraviolet to visible region of all the samples. Further, four active Raman modes, associated with cubic spinel structure are identified in all prepared samples. Finally, the magnetic characteristics are evaluated by using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) revealing ferrimagnetic and soft magnetic behavior of the samples. As the Zn and Cd co-doping in Co was increased, the H_c was decreased. The magnetic studies show the maximum H_c of 576 Oe for Cd doped cobalt ferrite, and maximum saturation magnetization (M_s) for Zn–Cd doped cobalt ferrite. It is envisaged that the newly prepared Zn–Cd co-doped cobalt ferrite would be appropriate for a number of important applications, for example, magnetic recording devices, sensors, actuators, high-density data storage devices, and biomedical equipments.     

Elementoorganic dendrimer characterization by Raman spectroscopy

The FT-Raman (10-3500 cm⁻¹) spectra of ten generations of the elementoorganic dendrimers have been recorded and analyzed for the first time. Their spectral pattern is determined by the ratio N_t/N_r (N_t—number of terminal groups, N_r—number of repeating units). This ratio trends to m_r−1 (m_r—branching functionality of repeating unit), and becomes constant, when the generation number is higher than 3-5. Experimental Raman spectra of generations higher than 4 are very close similar, according theoretical approach. The dependence of line full width at half height in Raman spectra on generation number is established. The low frequency Raman spectra in R(ν) representation are used to investigate the librations of terminal groups. The possibility appears to separate the lines assigned to the core, repeated units and terminal groups of dendrimers by difference spectroscopy method. From the difference Raman spectra of dendrimers it follows that for the generations higher than six steric congestion disturb the conformations of terminal groups. FT-Raman spectroscopy provides unique detailed information about the structure of the technologically relevant materials, which could not be obtained before with any other technique.     

WETTABILITY AND SURFACE ENERGETICS OF ROUGH FLUOROPOLYMER SURFACES

Hydrophobic solid surfaces with controlled roughness were prepared by coating glass slides with an amorphous fluoropolymer (Teflon® AF1600, DuPont) containing varying amounts of silica spheres (diameter 48 μm). Quasi-static advancing, θ_A, and receding, θ_R, contact angles were measured with the Wilhelmy technique. The contact angle hysteresis was significant but could be eliminated by subjecting the system to acoustic vibrations. Surface roughness affects all contact angles, but only the vibrated ones, θ_V, agree with the Wenzel equation. The contact angle obtained by averaging the cosines of θ_A and θ_R is a good approximation for θ_V, provided that roughness is not too large or the angles too small. Zisman's approach was employed to obtain the critical surface tension of wetting (CST) of the solid surfaces. The CST increases with roughness in accordance with Wenzel equation. Advancing, receding, and vibrated angles yield different results. The θ_A is known to be characteristic of the main hydrophobic component (the fluoropolymer). The θ_V is a better representation of the average wettability of the surface (including the presence of defects).     

考虑温度变化的单层索网幕墙结构非线性振动

考虑温度变化及几何非线性影响,采用连续化理论导出了单层索网幕墙结构非线性振动方程。通过Galerkin方法,将偏微分程转化为常微分方程,并采用L—P法及KBM法对常微分方程进行了求解。以中关村文化商厦平面索网幕墙结构为实例,讨论分析了温度变化、振幅、初始位移、外激励等因素对单层索网幕墙结构非线性振动的影响。算例表明,温度变化对单层索网幕墙结构非线性振动影响较大;单层索网幕墙结构非线性振动呈现“硬弹簧”特性。     

三星型压缩机振动问题研究

提出了引起星型活塞式压缩机振动这一宏观现象发生的根源.在一阶惯性力机器内完全平衡的情形下,对二阶惯性力因目前无法在机器内平衡,分析其形成的机理.在机器向大排量方向发展时,二阶惯性力引起机器振动不可忽略,容易引起机器在水平面内移动,所以需采取与基础紧固的措施.     

核独立分量分析在机械振动信号分离中的应用

针对旋转机械振动信号成分复杂,甚至表现出非线性特征,文章采用核独立分量分析(KICA)对其进行预处理。与独立分量分析(ICA)不同,KICA是通过非线性映射在高维特征空间上构建了核化的目标函数,并引入核方法实现该目标函数的优化操作。仿真实验中通过比较KICA、ICA和传统KICA(DKICA)的分离信号与源信号之间的相关系数,文中介绍的KICA对混合信号分离处理具有更高的准确性和鲁棒性;实测数据实验验证,经过KICA处理的机械振动信号,其表征的振动信息更为单一,使得隐含的特征频率得到凸显,为进一步处理和分析奠定良好基础。     

水电机组转子轴承系统弯扭耦合振动影响因素研究

建立了水电机组转子-轴承系统的弯扭耦合振动模型,应用数值算法求解了不同导轴承刚度情况下,转子的弯振和扭振响应时程曲线,研究了轴承集中刚度和阻尼、陀螺力矩及转动惯量等对转子轴承系统弯扭耦合振动的影响.结果表明,轴承在弯曲方向上的集中刚度和阻尼对转子的弯振和扭振均有重要影响,而扭转方向上的阻尼对弯振和扭振影响相对较小,陀螺力矩中的扭转力矩对系统的响应起主要的影响作用,转动惯量增大使得系统的弯振和扭振响应降低.