A rapid test to measure performance,emission and wear of a diesel engine fueled with palm oil diesel

Results of performance, emission and tribological evaluations of palm oil methyl ester and its blends with conventional diesel in an automobile diesel engine test bed are presented. Polymerization and carbon deposits on the fuel injector were monitored. CO, CO₂, O₂, combustion efficiency and temperature of exhaust gases were also measured. Palm oil methyl ester and its blends have great potential as alternative diesel fuel. Performance and exhaust gas emission for palm oil methyl ester and its blends with conventional diesel are comparable with those of conventional diesel fuel. Palm oil methyl ester does not pose a severe environmental problem and will not deteriorate engine and bearing components.     

Effect of mixing leaves with olives on organoleptic quality of oil obtained by centrifugation

Variable quantities of leaves were added to ripe olives prior to extraction to determine their effect on the quality of the resulting olive oil. The addition of 1–3% w/w leaves improved the organoleptic quality. An increase intrans-2-hexenal aldehyde content occurred, giving the pleasant flavor of “freshly cut grass.” This compound was produced by the enzymatic breakdown of 13-L-hydroperoxide of linolenic acid in leaf homogenates.     

深水表层钻井随钻压力与温度监测装置设计

深水表层钻井随钻压力与温度监测装置是监测深水表层钻井过程中井底当量循环密度（ECD）和循环温度的重要工具。通过深水表层钻井随钻压力与温度监测装置,现场技术人员可以实时掌握井下环空压力、钻柱内压和温度等工程参数,进而了解和分析井下工况,为深水表层钻井作业和动态压井钻井技术提供指导。设计的深水表层钻井随钻压力与温度监测装置以ARM为核心,利用数据采集技术和通信技术,实现了随钻压力与温度的采集传输。完成的深水表层钻井随钻压力与温度监测装置具有体积小、功耗低、抗振动和抗高温和低温的优点。监测装置已经在我国南海第一口深水井LW6—1—1井的领眼井中成功进行应用试验,验证了其在深水无隔水管钻井条件下的机械强度、稳定性、可靠性,测量得的数据能真实反映钻井工况。     

基于环状电极的电容式润滑油磨粒检测系统设计

摩擦副非正常磨损时将产生直径为几十微米的大金属磨粒。采用阻抗类方法检测磨粒时,要求传感器具有较高的灵敏度。为此,设计了差分结构的环状极板电容式传感器。应用电容/数字转换芯片AD7746将传感器的输出直接转换为数字信号,省去了前端复杂的信号调理电路,简化了设计,并且有效地降低了寄生电容和杂散电容的影响。实验表明:系统分辨率可以达到0.125 fF,极大提高了系统灵敏度。     

Effect of oil degradation during frying on the color of fried, battered squid rings

Oil degradation caused by the number of fryings performed and the effect of oil degradation on the color of fried battered squid rings were studied. Spectrophotometric techniques with absorbance in the UV and visible ranges, and iodine, peroxide, and acid values were used to determine oil degradation. Determination of various CIELAB parameters in order to study the external color of the fried battered squid rings revealed no differences in color due to the number of fryings. A study of the color of the battered squid rings at various frying times and temperatures showed significant differences for both variables. Although there was some degradation in the oil after 20 fryings, appearing as a slight darkening, it did not affect the final color of the fried, battered squid rings.     

The effects of bleached and unbleached rosemary oleoresins on light-sensitized oxidation of soybean oil

Bleached and unbleached forms of a rosemary oleoresin (RO) in stripped and nonstripped soybean oil behave both as antioxidant and prooxidant in a light-induced oxidative system. At 0.02 and 0.05% levels, RO had the greatest antioxidant activity, while at 0.01 and 0.5% levels it had the highest prooxidant activity in both stripped and nonstripped soybean oil. Treatment of both soybean oil systems with tertiary butylhydroquinone controlled light-induced oxidation of the oil better than did the oleoresin treatments. The prooxidant activity of the 0.5% RO level was probably due to an excess of prooxidant components being carried into the oil at that level, whereas the reduced antioxidant activity at 0.01% was probably due to the low initial level of active antioxidant components being added to the oil. Published as Journal Series No. 10072, Nebraska Agricultural Research Division, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0919.     

基于物联网技术下的数字化油气田设计与实现

数字化油气田建设是我国油气企业发展的方向,本文介绍了一种基于物联网数字化油气田系统,通过传感器、射频识别（RFID）、通信网络、云计算等新技术建立一套覆盖油气生产、处理等全过程的物联网系统,实现生产数据自动采集、关键流程连锁控制,工艺流程可视化展示、生产过程实时监测的综合信息平台,实现人与物理系统的“智能”整合,实现工业化与信息化的融合。     

Rapid pyrolysis of brown coal and oil shale

A brown coal, peat and oil shale were subjected to a rapid pyrolysis process and medium-heat-value gases together with tar were collected. The char residue was of high activity and suitable for gasification to create a two-stage gasification system. The coal-tar is used for manufacturing liquid fuels and chemicals.     

Heavy metals contribution of non-aqueous fluids used in offshore oil drilling

A monitoring program was performed to investigate heavy metal content alteration due to exploratory drilling for oil using non-aqueous fluids (NAFs) in Brazilian offshore, 900 m deep. Fourteen elements were monitored in 54 sites and it was verified that after drilling activities the average Ba concentration was remarkably increased with respect to background level, even 1 year after the activity. A minor increase in Mn and a moderate increase in Al concentrations were verified. The Cd, Cr, Ni, As, Co, Cu, Pb, V, and Zn concentrations were at the background levels, ca. 1 year after the NAFs drilling materials deposition on the seafloor. The Al, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn mean concentrations were significantly different (P<0.05) between the three sampling operations (cruises) performed, while As, Cd, Fe and Pb presented different mean values according to the distance of the oil well, independent of the sampling operation. Interaction between sampling operation and distance was observed for Mn. In all sediment samples the Hg concentration was below the detection limit (0.07 μg g⁻¹).