蒸汽凝结水除油试验研究

介绍了利用类萃取技术进行蒸汽凝结水除油的过程。利用具有亲油功能的HOL-100树脂,经过试验和工业应用证明,萃取除油可以达到1．0mg/L以下,可满足炼油化工装置锅炉用水对含油量的要求。HOL-100树脂具有在高温状态下(120℃)除油的特点。通过标定考核,萃取除油技术是一项节能、节水、环保措施,可在中石油和中石化企业推广应用。     

潜油螺杆泵采油系统设计与应用技术分析

潜油螺杆泵采油技术在某些方面具有其他人工举升技术不可比拟的优点，特别适合于我国渤海湾一带粘油区、海上平台的采油作业，但这项技术在我国实际开发应用的时间还比较短，人们对这项技术的了解还不够深入，很多单项技术还有待于更多的人去关注和研究.介绍了潜油螺杆泵采油系统的结构，总结了该项采油技术与其他常用采油技术相比较的特点，系统地阐述了国内外的发展状况，分析了以往投入生产试运行时系统失效的原因并提出了相应的解决办法，最后探讨了系统设计技术的发展趋势.     

Acidogenic fermentation of blended food‐waste in combination with primary sludge for the production of volatile fatty acids

The performance of a laboratory‐scale anaerobic acidogenic fermenter fed with a mixture of blended kitchen food‐waste and primary sludge from a sewage treatment plant was investigated for the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA). The operating variables for acidogenic fermentation were kitchen food‐waste content (10 and 25 wt %), hydraulic retention time (HRT: 1, 3 and 5 days), temperature (ambient: 18 ± 2 °C, and mesophilic: 35 ± 2 °C) and pH (varied from 5.2 to 6.7). The experimental results indicated that effluent VFA concentrations and VFA production rates were higher at ambient temperature than at mesophilic conditions. The net amount of VFA with 10 wt % food‐waste increased up to 920 mg dm^?3 with an increase of HRT, but contrasting results (a decrease of 2610 mg dm^?3) were found due to the conversion of VFA into biogas in the case of 25 wt % food‐waste, which increased significantly at HRT of 3–5 days. In terms of biogas composition (CO₂ and CH₄), the organic matter was converted into CO₂ through the oxidative pathway by facultative species at low temperature while mesophilic temperature and optimum pH (6.3–7.8) played a pivotal role in increasing rate of conversion of VFA into biogas by methanogenesis. Rates of VFA production and their conversion are dependent on the food‐waste content in the mixture. Yet, the higher concentration of food‐waste (25% compared with 10%) did not produce VFA proportionally due to the increased rate of conversion of VFA into gaseous products. The maximum VFA production rate (0.318 g VFA_produced g^?1 VS_fed day^?1) was achieved in the 10 wt % food‐waste at ambient temperature and at a 5‐day HRT. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Estimation of the Substrate Concentration Profiles in Petroleum Pipelines Containing Biofilms

In industrial systems, the formation of biofilms can cause many problems, such as an increase in the flow resistance of pipelines, energy losses in fluid transport and heat exchangers, product contamination, materials deterioration, and biocorrosion. As a result, biofilms contribute substantially to economic losses in the industry. Corrosion is particularly an issue in the petroleum industry and its implications range from down-hole completion through petroleum processing units. Much of this corrosion is attributed to microbial activities. This paper proposes a mathematical model for predicting substrate concentration for such microbial growth. Substrate concentrations in the system and near the biofilm surface are one of the parameters that has a great effect in determining the extent of the problems associated with biofilms. In this study, a convective-diffusion model under various flow conditions (stagnant, laminar, and turbulent) has been solved using the finite difference technique, employing the alternating direction implicit (ADI) method. The model assumes that a liquid containing substrate and bacteria is flowing in a pipeline with known concentrations at the inlet and then predicts the variation of the transient (as a function of time) substrate concentration along the pipeline and as a function of the pipe radius. The model is then used to predict and estimate the substrate concentration profiles on the biofilm surface under different environmental conditions. A parametric study was also conducted to study the effect of the different parameters influencing the substrate concentration profiles in the system and on the biofilm surface.     

海洋石油开发工业污染物产生系数和排放系数研究

污染物产生系数和排放系数是工程环境影响评价的重要指标,但对于海洋石油开发工程环境影响评价来说,迄今尚无具权威性的系数可资使用。在我国近海石油开发工程污染源系统调查的基础上,对海洋石油开发行业污染物产生系数和排放系数的定义、计算方法、应用范围及应用方式进行了探讨,研究结果可为海洋石油开发工程项目环境影响评价及环境保护管理,以及行业或企业有关标准的制定提供参考。     

原油集输太阳能加热节能技术的应用

在油田的采油、集输等过程中,传统技术使用燃烧煤、油、天然气和电加热方法来实现原油加热,造成大量的能源消耗和严重的环境污染。原油集输太阳能加热计算机控制节能系统,为油田的采油、集输开辟了节能新途径。该系统不仅具有自动化、智能化的特点,而且节能效果显著,实际节气率超过40%。文章介绍了该系统的结构、工作原理、功能特点以及应用效果。     

世界汽车及其润滑油的发展与排放的相关性分析

介绍了美国，欧洲，日本，中国汽油机油与柴油机油的发展过程，现状，趋势及其与排放的相关性，指出：90年代美国环保要求与节能变得更加严格，美国内燃机油规格进展充分反映了这一变化；欧洲，日本进入21世纪总的方向也是如此；中国的轿车工业主要是世界知名汽车厂商合资生产，其内燃机油规格遵守世界汽车厂商的要求，基本上跟随欧洲规格。     

煤气压缩机存在问题及改造措施

对煤气压缩机运行以来所存在的问题进行了分析，相继采取的改造措施及取得的效果作了探讨。重点阐述了油冷却器的改造。     

Optimal size,hydraulic retention time and volatile solids loading rate of biogas unit using water hyacinth

With a view to evaluate the effects of hydraulic retention time and volatile solids loading rate on methane production using water hyacinth, experiments were conducted in a 160 dm³ capacity, well-mixed continuous digestion unit at ambient temperature. The optimal design of biogas plant using water hyacinth was elucidated, to provide a unit giving a maximum methane yield of 0.16 nm³ kg^?1 volatile solids added, which was 60% greater than the conventional plant using cowdung. The calculations of optimal design factors were based on reactor size, hydraulic retention time and volatile solids loading rate; considerations were made of capital cost, running costs and operational revenue.     

成品油汽运发货系统的研究与开发

介绍成品油传统汽运发货流程.指出其中的弊端,提出采用计算机网络化管理的思路,并对计算机成品油汽运发货系统的优点和功能进行了介绍,然后详细讨论了该系统的开发过程和功能实现,最后提出改进和发展方向。