基于小波的汇率波动序列长记忆性研究

提出了基于小波方差的时间序列长记忆性分析方法，用该方法对汇率波动序列进行了分析，得到了长记忆参数的精确值。引入了关联尺度函数，对各汇率波动序列长记忆效应的大小程度进行了验证。结果表明各汇率波动序列存在长记忆效应，并且长记忆参数d值越大，汇率波动序列所受历史信息的影响就越强。     

A hybrid modeling approach for forecasting the volatility of S&P 500 index return

Forecasting volatility is an essential step in many financial decision makings. GARCH family of models has been extensively used in finance and economics, particularly for estimating volatility. The motivation of this study is to enhance the ability of GARCH models in forecasting the return volatility. We propose two hybrid models based on EGARCH and Artificial Neural Networks to forecast the volatility of S&P 500 index. The estimates of volatility obtained by an EGARCH model are fed forward to a Neural Network. The input to the first hybrid model is complemented by historical values of other explanatory variables. The second hybrid model takes as inputs both series of the simulated data and explanatory variables. The forecasts obtained by each of those hybrid models have been compared with those of EGARCH model in terms of closeness to the realized volatility. The computational results demonstrate that the second hybrid model provides better volatility forecasts.     

Effects of Ultrasonic Waves on Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of an Azeotropic Mixture

Abstract

Azeotropic and extractive distillation techniques used to separate azeotropic mixtures are among the most challenging separation processes in the chemical industry. In this work, an innovative distillation technique which employed ultrasonic waves was proposed to intensify the conventional multi-column azeotropic distillation method into a single-column alternative. The effects of ultrasonic intensity on the vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of methyl-tert-butyl-ether (MTBE)-methanol was investigated at 50, 100, 200, and 250 W/A·cm² and at a fixed frequency of 40 kHz. Studies were also done to examine the effects of ultrasonic frequency on the VLE data at 25 and 68 kHz frequencies. It was found that ultrasonic waves at 50 W/A·cm² intensity and 25 kHz frequency gave the highest relative volatility (α) at 2.654 and completely eliminated the MTBE-methanol azeotrope, thereby allowing highly pure MTBE to be recovered in just a single distillation column. The results revealed that ultrasonic waves had the potential to favorably manipulate α, and hence, the VLE of an azeotropic mixture.     

Effect of methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids on vapor–liquid equilibrium behavior of tert-butyl alcohol + water azeotropic mixture at 101.3 kPa

Three ionic liquids(ILs),1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromine([EMIM]Br),1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromine([BMIM]Br),and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromine([HMIM]Br),were used as the solvent for separation of {tert-butyl alcohol(TBA)+ water} azeotrope.Vapor–liquid equilibrium(VLE)data for {TBA + water + IL}ternary systems were measured at 101.3 k Pa.The results indicate that all the three ILs produce an obvious effect on the VLE behavior of {TBA + water} system and eliminate the azeotropy in the whole concentration range.[EMIM]Br is the best solvent for the separation of {TBA + water} system by extractive distillation among the three ILs.The experimental VLE data for the ternary systems are correlated with the NRTL model equation with good correlations.Explanations are given with activity coefficients of water and TBA,and the experimental VLE-temperature data for {TBA or water + IL} binary systems.     

A new approach to the Noack volatility test

This paper reports on the method and preliminary results of a significant modification of the Noack volatility test. This modification permits collection and examination of the volatile products as well as of the residue. The analysis of such volatiles by chromatography and spectroscopy revealed surprising information that is especially relevant in the face of increasingly difficult automotive and heavy duty engine emission limitations. The data also showed very close agreement with the Unified Test Method for the Noack Volatility Test now covered by CEC L-40-T-87. Important to operators, the authors' modified Noack apparatus avoids the use of the toxic Wood's Metal of the earlier Noack apparatus.     

From single crystals to supported nanoparticles in experimental and theoretical studies of H2 oxidation over platinum metals (Pt, Pd): Intermediates, surface waves and spillover

The present paper reviews our investigations concerning the mechanism of H₂ + O₂ reaction on the metal surfaces (Pt, Pd) at different structures: single crystals (Pt(1 1 1), Pt(1 0 0), Pd(1 1 0)); microcrystals (Pt tips); and nanoparticles (Pd–Ti³⁺/TiO₂). Field electron microscopy (FEM), field ion microscopy (FIM), high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), XPS, UPS, work function (WF), TDS and temperature-programmed reaction (TPR) methods have been applied to study the kinetics of H₂ oxidation on a nanolevel. The adsorption of both O₂ and H₂ and several dissociative products (H_ads, O_ads, OH_ads) was studied by HREELS. Using the DFT technique the equilibrium states and stretching vibrations of H, O, OH, H₂O, adsorbed on the Pt(1 1 1) surface, have been calculated depending on the surrounding of the metal atoms. Sharp tips of Pt, several hundreds angstroms in radius, were used to perform in situ investigations of the dynamic surface processes. The FEM and FIM studies on the Pt-tip surface demonstrate that the self-oscillations and waves propagations are connected with periodic changes in the surface structure of nanoplane (1 0 0)-(hex) ↔ (1 × 1), varying the catalytic property of metal. The role of defects (Ti³⁺-□_O) in the adsorption centers formation, their stabilization by the palladium nanoparticles, and then the defects participation in H₂ + O₂ steady-state reaction over Pd–Ti³⁺/TiO₂ surface have been studied by XPS, UPS and photodesorption techniques (PhDS). This reaction seems to involve the “protonate” hydrogen atoms (H⁺/TiO_x) as a result of spillover effect: diffusion of H_ads atoms from Pd particles on a TiO_x surface. The comprehensive study of H₂, O₂ adsorption and H₂ + O₂ reaction in a row: single crystals → tips → nanoparticles has shown the same nature of active centers over these metal surfaces.     

存在多委托人条件下考虑溢出效应的重大工程多任务激励模型

在存在工程业主和政府部门作为委托人的情形下,考虑多任务之间存在的溢出效应构建激励模型,在共同代理和独家代理模式下, 分别讨论参与各方的策略与收益。 结果表明,由于溢出效应的存在,政府部门参与激励机制设计,可以使得工程业主和政府部门的收益相较于独家代理模式均得以提高;工程业主也乐于提供更高的激励系数,以刺激项目管理机构付出更多努力;项目管理机构在承接政府部门的任务后,提高了经济效益和声誉, 对来自工程业主的建设任务也产生了正向的溢出效应。建立了多委托人的激励模型,为项目管理机构协调完成工程建设任务和社会责任提供了理论依据。     

环境空气中挥发性有机污染物特征研究

研究环境空气中挥发性有机污染物特征,为城市环境治理提供科学数据依据。以某省为研究对象,使用恒流采样方式采集该省4个季节的空气样本。通过硅烷化苏玛罐—大气浓缩仪—气相色谱—质谱法的方法对采集到的空气样本进行挥发性有机污染物的检测分析。分析结果表明,该省环境空气中常规挥发性有机污染物污染因子主要为PM2.5、PM10和SO2等,且该省冬季和秋季常规挥发性有机污染物污染因子浓度均超过国家规定数值,冬季空气有机物污染较为严重;该省环境空气中挥发性有机污染物单体污染物有36种,包括烷烃、烯烃、炔烃、芳香烃和卤代烃,其中烷烃、烯烃、炔烃和芳香烃为该省环境空气内的主要有机污染物;5种挥发性有机污染物受环境温度、湿度和风速影响较大,且其主要成分浓度分布具备季节性特征。     

Enhanced hydrogen storage performance of three-dimensional hierarchical porous graphene with nickel nanoparticles

Three-dimensional hierarchical porous graphene with nickel nanoparticles (3DHPG-Ni) was synthesized through electrostatic assembly method with the assistance of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) template and subsequent removal of PMMA template by calcination. The morphology, microstructure and hydrogen adsorption properties of 3DHPG-Ni nanocomposites were examined in detail. The obtained 3DHPG-Ni nanocomposite exhibited hierarchical porous structure composed of macro-, meso- and micropores, high specific surface area (925 m² g^?1), large pore volume (0.58 cm³ g^?1) and excellent hydrogen storage capacity. Under the pressure of 5 bar, 3DHPG-Ni nanocomposite showed a maximum hydrogen capacity of 4.22 wt% and 1.95 wt% at 77 K and 298 K, respectively, demonstrating that the as-prepared 3DHPG-Ni nanocomposite was supposed to be a promising material with outstanding properties for practical applications in the field of hydrogen storage. The three-dimensional hierarchical porous structure, evenly distributed Ni nanoparticles and hydrogen spillover effect were responsible for the enhanced hydrogen storage capacities.