Design and motion analysis of vibration-driven small robot Rizeh

Vibration mechanism is good candidates to be used as actuation system in small robots. However, mini fabrication of small electrical and mechanical drives is a challenging issue. Moreover, no analytical model for motion analysis of vibration driven robots is devised. In this paper, a small robot is developed. To setup a low-cost robot, cell phone vibrators are employed as actuation mechanism. Motion principle of the robot is analytically obtained and appropriate mechanical and electronic derives are designed. Some technical tips are employed to reduce the size of the robot. The obtained model was evaluated by simulations in MSC.ADAMS as well as some standard experiments on a real robot named Rizeh. Moreover, the robot is tested in a line following task, as a typical task for mobile robots.     

Scalable multi-radio communication in modular robots

Decentralized control of self-reconfiguring modular robots requires reliable inter-module communication. Communication links must tolerate module misalignment and implement the neighbor-to-neighbor communication model. In this paper, we propose a wireless system based on multiple radios per module that addresses these challenges. Although the capacity of general wireless mesh networks is known to rapidly decrease with network size, we show that a multi-radio single-channel system has constant capacity in square and cubic lattices of infinite size. We validate the performance of such a system in a testbed with 15 unactuated modules using synthetic data and a benchmark decentralized algorithm. We also demonstrate automatic neighbor detection. The main benefits of radio communication in modular robots are tolerance to module misalignment and to eliminate the tight coupling between communication and mechanical design necessitated by typical existing infrared and wired systems. Our results are the first to establish the feasibility of radio as the primary means of inter-module communication in modular robots.     

双足机器人稳定步行模式预测控制实现方法的研究

针对现有的预测控制生成步行模式方法中忽略了参数间关系和参数取值范围的问题进行探讨.预测控制通过控制质心运动生成步行模式以实现ZMP目标轨迹跟踪,根据预测控制器模型研究参数间的关系,并通过极点分析讨论其取值范围,提出关键参数在容许取值范围内,可以保证系统的稳定性,并生成满足稳定步行的质心运动.通过仿真实验分析了在存在扰动情况下,关键参数取适当值,能够生成稳定的步行模式.     

Dynamic surface control-backstepping based impedance control for 5-DOF flexible joint robots

A new impedance controller based on the dynamic surface control-backstepping technique to actualize the anticipant dynamic relationship between the motion of end-effector and the external torques was presented. Comparing with the traditional backstepping method that has “explosion of terms” problem, the new proposed control system is a combination of the dynamic surface control technique and the backstepping. The dynamic surface control (DSC) technique can resolve the “explosion of terms” problem that is caused by differential coefficient calculation in the model, and the problem can bring a complexity that will cause the backstepping method hardly to be applied to the practical application, especially to the multi-joint robot. Finally, the validity of the method was proved in the laboratory environment that was set up on the 5-DOF (degree of freedom) flexible joint robot. Tracking errors of DSC-backstepping impedance control that were 2.0 and 1.5 mm are better than those of backstepping impedance control which were 3.5 and 2.5 mm in directions X, Y in free space, respectively. And the anticipant Cartesian impedance behavior and compliant behavior were achieved successfully as depicted theoretically.     

基于PSO的多机器人编队控制

提出了一种新的编队算法。该算法针对不同的编队形状,根据机器人的位置信息,构造不同的函数,利用群体智能优化算法中的微粒群算法进行函数优化,优化过程中的最优解作为机器人的运动方向。最后利用该算法实现了线形、三角形、六边形和圆形编队,仿真结果表明了该算法的有效性。     

一种可重构机器人运动学求解方法

针对可重构机器人没有统一的运动学求解形式问题,提出通过构形平面匹配方法求解可重构机器人的运动学.采用改进形式的D-H建模方法,可自动形成可重构机器人运动学模型;将机器人在目标点的位形分解成若干个构形平面,通过三级构形平面的匹配,可求得具有单一串连形式可重构机器人运动学逆解;对搭建的6自由度机器人和8自由度机器人构形的运动学进行实例仿真.仿真结果表明,采用有限个构形平面匹配方法能够求解出可重构机器人运动学,验证了算法的正确性和实用性.     

双足机器人行走稳定性研究

双足机器人行走的稳定性是双足行走最为重要的衡量指标之一.针对传统的基于零力矩点（ZMP）步态稳定性判据方法,分析了ZMP、COP的相互关系,表明在双足机器人与水平地面无粘性力和无吸附力作用下,其ZMP即为压力中心点COP.基于具有足趾关节的双足机器人足底支撑面多种变化,提出对多点接触时支撑多边形区域描述.结合ZMP/COP、COG的在支撑面内相对位置,提出了基于ZMP/COP、COG的综合稳定性判据.经仿真分析,与传统单一的ZMP稳定性判据相比,该综合稳定性判据能够更为准确地反映步态的稳定性.     

煤矿井下人员行走轨迹的算法研究

针对目前煤矿人员定位系统主要采用区域定位方式,存在无法直接解算出井下人员的精确位置和无法确定井下人员运动方向的问题,提出了一种基于树形结构、通过构建拓扑关系计算井下人员可能行走轨迹的算法。该算法首先定义了点与弧段、弧段与弧段以及弧段与点的拓扑模型,并以此为基础构建树形结构,对其进行层次遍历,得到井下人员行走轨迹;在计算过程中,该算法利用井下接收器的实时状态信息,自动排除停止工作的接收器和分站对轨迹的影响,有效确保了轨迹的准确性。     

基于区块链的侦查机器人实时避障与航线控制

为弥补侦查机器人行进灵活性不足的缺陷,降低无故运动碰撞事件的发生几率,提出基于区块链的侦查机器人实时避障与航线控制算法;利用超声信号处理电路,提取可供直接应用的侦查运动节点,联合已完成配置的MoveIt避障程序,实现对侦查机器人的实时避障运动规划;在此基础上,设置LQR控制器,在控制机器人侦查航速的同时,建立必要运动操纵方程,完成对侦查机器人的运动航线控制,提升与运动设备元件相关的行进灵活性;完善P2P网络平台,以待交互的运动数据作为处理支持条件,将所有侦查信息封装至同一区块组织中,完成基于区块链的避障控制原理研究,实现侦查机器人实时避障与航线控制算法的搭建;对比实验结果表明,应用基于区块链的控制算法后,C-Space参数极值超过8.0,RRT灵敏度也提升至75%,实现了对侦查机器人的灵活性行进控制,有效抑制了无故运动碰撞事件的出现。     

一种水下群机器人路径规划算法的形式化研究

为了增强基于遗传算法的水下群机器人路径规划算法正确性的说服力,使用定理证明对其进行形式化研究,给出算法在定理证明器HOL4中的形式化模型。基于算法形式化的一般步骤,首先对算法的设计进行了详细的分析,指出算法设计的核心步骤与建模难点。在此基础上建立了总体形式化建模框架,然后对其进行化简,得到种群初始化、选择、交叉三个核心模块。接着给出模型中要用到的基本数据类型的形式化描述,并分别对三个模块进行形式化描述,最终得到算法的形式化模型。通过证明与模型相关的97条性质,说明了模型的合理性及有效性,在此模型的基础上,可以完成对算法的形式化验证,同时还能拓展HOL4的应用范围。