Ice slurries phase transition thermodynamics: relations for determining concentration–temperature domains of application

Criteria for calculation of the concentration–temperature domain of use of ice slurries are defined, which allows establishing a temperature–concentration chart relating the temperature and the antifreeze mass fraction. It is shown that the shape of the chart depends only on the thermodynamic properties (heat capacity, ice–liquid equilibrium, etc.) of the diluted substance.     

Viscosity of Gaseous Mixtures of HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane)+HFC-32 (Difluoromethane)

This paper reports experimental results for the viscosity of gaseous mixtures of HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane)+HFC-32 (difluoromethane). The measurements were carried out with an oscillating-disk viscometer of the Maxwell type at temperatures from 298.15 to 423.15 K. The viscosity was measured for three mixtures containing 25.00, 52.40, and 74.98 mole% HFC-134a in HFC-32. Experimental results for the viscosity at normal pressures show a minimum as plotted against mole fraction in the higher temperature region, which may be the first experimental observation of the minima for dilute binary gaseous mixtures of HFCs. The viscosity at normal pressures was analyzed with the extended law of corresponding states developed by Kestin et al., and the scaling parameters were obtained for unlike-pair interactions between HFC-32 and HFC-134a. The modified Enskog theory developed by Vesovic and Wakeham was applied to predict the viscosity for the binary gaseous mixtures under pressure. As for the calculation of pseudo-radial distribution functions in mixtures, a method based on the equation of state for hard-sphere fluid mixtures proposed by Carnahan–Starling was applied.     

Using lidar and effective LAI data to evaluate IKONOS and Landsat 7 ETM+ vegetation cover estimates in a ponderosa pine forest

Structural and functional analyses of ecosystems benefit when high accuracy vegetation coverages can be derived over large areas. In this study, we utilize IKONOS, Landsat 7 ETM+, and airborne scanning light detection and ranging (lidar) to quantify coniferous forest and understory grass coverages in a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) dominated ecosystem in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Linear spectral mixture analyses of IKONOS and ETM+ data were used to isolate spectral endmembers (bare soil, understory grass, and tree/shade) and calculate their subpixel fractional coverages. We then compared these endmember cover estimates to similar cover estimates derived from lidar data and field measures. The IKONOS-derived tree/shade fraction was significantly correlated with the field-measured canopy effective leaf area index (LAI_e) (r²=0.55, p<0.001) and with the lidar-derived estimate of tree occurrence (r²=0.79, p<0.001). The enhanced vegetation index (EVI) calculated from IKONOS imagery showed a negative correlation with the field measured tree canopy effective LAI and lidar tree cover response (r²=0.30, r=−0.55 and r²=0.41, r=−0.64, respectively; p<0.001) and further analyses indicate a strong linear relationship between EVI and the IKONOS-derived grass fraction (r²=0.99, p<0.001). We also found that using EVI resulted in better agreement with the subpixel vegetation fractions in this ecosystem than using normalized difference of vegetation index (NDVI). Coarsening the IKONOS data to 30 m resolution imagery revealed a stronger relationship with lidar tree measures (r²=0.77, p<0.001) than at 4 m resolution (r²=0.58, p<0.001). Unmixed tree/shade fractions derived from 30 m resolution ETM+ imagery also showed a significant correlation with the lidar data (r²=0.66, p<0.001). These results demonstrate the power of using high resolution lidar data to validate spectral unmixing results of satellite imagery, and indicate that IKONOS data and Landsat 7 ETM+ data both can serve to make the important distinction between tree/shade coverage and exposed understory grass coverage during peak summertime greenness in a ponderosa pine forest ecosystem.     

混合物临界温度的预测与关联

在用分子基元分数表示组成和关联混合物临界温度的基础上,进一步研究有机、无机和有机—无机混合物的临界温度估算方法,经208个物系1539个计算点验证,误差小于1.04％。     

金川龙首混合矿选矿降镁工艺研究与实践

对金川镍矿龙首矿混合矿石进行了降镁工艺小型试验和验证试验。对选矿车间２＃ 、１＃ 系统进行了流程改造。工业试验及生产实践结果表明：精矿中氧化镁从１０％ 左右降至７％ 以下。     

贫化电炉气液混合顶吹的气泡群形态及搅拌效果

针对贫化电炉还原油枪中气、油混合顶吹对渣层搅拌效果的研究,等比例制作贫化电炉水模型,进行气液混合喷吹实验。实验结果表明：顶吹气液两相混合射流在熔池中形成大小不一的气泡或气泡群,气泡本身的形变、破裂以及气泡间的团聚运动决定了油枪对熔池的搅拌效果。通过测量不同流量下气泡群尺寸的变化,分析气液流量混合比对熔池搅拌效果的影响。     

粉末冶金流动温压成形技术

本文主要介绍了金属粉末流动温压成形技术的发展、特点及关键问题分析。流动温压成形技术作为一种崭新的粉末冶金零部件近终形成形技术，结合了常规温压技术和金属注射成形技术的优点，可直接成形零件的复杂几何形状如侧凹、螺纹孔等而不需要其后的二次机加工，既克服了传统粉末冶金技术在成形方面的不足，又避免了注射成形技术的高成本，具有十分广阔的应用潜力。     

TC2钛合金管材工艺研究

对TC2钛合金管材研制中的两辊温轧、多辊冷轧变形程度及直径壁厚变形匹配关系、温轧加热温度、中间及成品退火温度、化学成分等对管材加工成形质量、组织性能等的影响进行了研究。研究结果显示,该合金两辊温轧、多辊冷轧性能优良,在直径壁厚变形匹配合理的条件下,温轧和冷轧道次变形达40％和30％时,未产生轧制开裂等加工缺陷;温轧加热温度550℃～650℃时,Al,Mn含量控制在标准中上限,Fe,O含量适中;退火温度850℃～900℃时,轧制产品质量和各项性能指标可满足技术标准要求。     

一种基于时域解相关的双通道语音分离算法

提出了一种基于时域解相关的卷积混合语音盲分离时域算法。该算法利用相关系数对语音信号进行时域去相关处理,同时基于二阶统计量完成双通道语音分离。该算法充分考虑了语音信号本身的相关性及不平稳性,收敛速度快,稳定性好,为减小计算量提出了该算法的递推改进算法。仿真实验表明,在对卷积混合双通道语音信号进行盲分离时,该算法是非常有效的。     

基于自适应学习率的背景建模方法

针对高斯混合模型中均值和方差的学习,提出基于自适应学习率的背景建模方法。统计每个像素模型被匹配的次数,在线更新学习率。在初始化背景时,分配一个全局的学习率,采用传统高斯混合模型的学习方式;在更新背景时,为每个像素分配一个学习率,采用自适应的学习方式。实验结果表明,该方法与传统高斯混合背景模型相比,有较好的学习能力与稳定性,能提高运动目标检测的正确率。