苏里格桃X区块气藏储层的解水锁剂研究

目的随着苏里格气田规模化开发,开采过程中因水锁效应导致的低产低效气井逐年增多,针对苏里格桃X区块生产需求和气藏水锁问题,进行气井储层水锁伤害解除技术对策研究。 方法通过开展室内药剂研究,采用氟碳类和两性离子型表面活性剂、润湿反转剂等体系复配 研制出适合该区块的解水锁剂。 结果苏里格桃X区块渗透率极低,平均含水饱和度45%左右,水锁指数小于0.3,水锁强度中等偏强。解水锁剂能够使岩心的润湿性由亲水逐渐变得疏水,接触角增大10°,有效改变了岩石润湿性且能够降低储层流体界面张力,储层渗透率最终能够恢复至原来的93.86%,现场试验后单井日均增产0.409 7×10⁴ m³。 结论该体系解水锁剂适用于研究区块,能有效解决气井水锁问题。      

注水系统沿程水质稳定技术研究

随着油田开发工艺的日益增多,原始水处理工艺存在水处理水质不达标、腐蚀结构严重和二次污染等问题。而影响回注水水质稳定的主要因素为Fe²⁺、细菌、H2S和少量溶解氧;注水系统中沿程水质二次污染的主要原因是管线内污垢和细菌大量滋生。为控制水质使其达标,通过日常生产中的经验累积,开发了源头控制和沿程控制两种水质控制模式。源头控制模式主要是控制腐蚀结垢及细菌繁殖,去除原水中亚铁、硫及成垢离子,提高水质稳定性;沿程控制模式主要是加强过程控制,消除残留细菌,破坏其滋生环境并抑制腐蚀,延缓沿程管线污染和老化。沿程水质稳定技术在现场实施后,有效解决了水质不达标问题,注水井口水质稳定率达95%以上。     

迪那2气藏凝析水结垢规律实验研究

针对目前国内外对凝析水结垢规律认识不清的问题,采用自研的高温高压凝析水结垢量测试实验装置,通过正交实验方法,测试了高温高压条件下凝析水发生结垢反应前后成垢离子含量变化,研究了地层条件下凝析水离子变化规律以及CO2对凝析水结垢的影响.实验结果表明:凝析水的蒸发导致凝析水中离子含量总体上升,随温度升高,非成垢离子含量升高,...     

海洋油气柔性软管环空状态检测研究及应用

海洋油气柔性软管的环空状态检测是管道实现完整性管理的重要前提和基础.针对海洋油气柔性软管典型结构,开展了环空气体、液体和腐蚀剥离物采样、环空体积检测、外保护层泄漏检测等检测系统的主要设备及工作流程研究,并在中国南海某油田在役柔性软管现场进行了初步测试.通过环空浸没及剩余体积测试、注氮-保压-泄压全过程压力监测、气态样本...     

Bottom-Up法计算油田注入水中三种细菌的不确定度

为保持地下压力,在油田开采过程中需向地下油层中注水,注入水中最为常见的三种细菌是腐生菌、铁细菌和硫酸还原菌,这些细菌的存在会降低注入水水质并腐蚀管道,影响油田开采。为客观评价三种细菌检测的准确度,采用绝迹稀释法检测技术,利用Bottom-Up法,通过21组数据对三种细菌检测方法的不确定度进行计算。结果表明,绝迹稀释法检测油田注水三种细菌的不确定度分别为:硫酸还原菌±4 mL^-1,腐生菌±6 mL^-1,铁细菌±16 mL^-1。通过Bottom-Up法对检测不确定度进行评估,可真实、准确地反应油田注入水中三种细菌的实际含量范围,为油田注水达标提供技术保障。     

Optimal distributed power allocation for a new spectrum sharing paradigm in cognitive radio networks

The problem of power allocation in cognitive radio networks plays an important role to improve the efficiency of spectrum utilization. However, most of previous works focus on the power allocation for secondary users in spectrum sharing overlay or spectrum sharing underlay, which needs to frequently handoff between the idle spectrum bands or considers the interference constraints in all spectrum bands respectively. In order to reduce the handoff and fully utilize the spectrum resource, we propose a new spectrum sharing paradigm which not only can just need to adjust the transmit power in spectrum bands instead of frequently handoff between idle spectrum bands, but can fully utilize the spectrum resource as we only consider the interference power constraints in active spectrum bands rather than in all spectrum bands. Then based on this new spectrum sharing paradigm and the constraint conditions, we study the distributed power allocation for secondary users and formulate the optimization problem as a non-cooperative game problem, after that the variational inequality approach is used to solve this game problem and a Nash equilibria solution is got, finally simulation results are illustrated to demonstrate the performance of the proposed scheme.     

Design of a Multilayered Oxygen-Evolution Electrode with High Catalytic Activity and Corrosion Resistance for Saline Water Splitting

The realization of seawater electrolysis requires high-performing anode materials that should possess good catalytic activity, stability, and specificity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) as well as high resistance toward chloride corrosion. Herein, the design of a multilayered oxygen-evolution electrode is reported to meet the multiple needs of anode material for saline water splitting. The multilayered electrode is synthesized through direct thermal boronization of commercially available NiFe alloy plate with boron powder, followed by electrochemical oxidation. And this electrode is composed of the surface oxidized NiFeBx alloy layer, the NiFeBx alloy interlayer, and the NiFe alloy substrate. The boron species are present in the form of metaborate in the outermost oxidized NiFeBx layer, and their existence is conductive to the generation and stabilization of the catalytic active phase γ-(Ni,Fe)OOH. The introduction of NiFeBx interlayer effectively prevents the excessive oxidative corrosion of the anode material in the electrolyte containing chloride ions.     

基于ACA_PSO算法的无人机分布式任务分配方法

为解决分布式任务分配问题,采用“粒子化”的蚁群算法进行无人机分布式任务分配。基于蚁群_粒子群混合算法,在原有蚁群算法基础上进行改进,使其具有“粒子”的特性。建立扩展协同多任务分配问题模型(ECMTAP),采用构造允许的状态转移集合的方法,大大减少了产生的不合理解的个数,并弥补了蚁群算法陷入局部最优和早熟问题的缺点。实验结果表明：该算法能够有效地解决复杂约束条件下的多无人机分布式任务分配问题,具有较好的收敛速度和任务分配结果。     

废旧弹箭高压水射流处理技术国外应用现状

针对我国目前的弹药拆分方式存在的问题,分析了近年来国外废旧弹箭的高压水射流处理技术的应用与发展。介绍俄罗斯、荷兰、乌克兰和美国在废旧弹药处理中采用的方式,并对未来废旧弹箭处理技术及装备的发展趋势进行了分析。该分析结果可为我国弹箭拆分行业未来发展提供参考。     

射流侵彻水夹层间隔靶的理论和实验研究

为得到聚能射流侵彻水夹层间隔靶规律,选取50 mm口径聚能装药对水夹层间隔靶(2 mm×4 mm钢靶板+100 mm水夹层)的侵彻过程进行了理论和实验研究。结合准定常侵彻理论和数学归纳法建立了射流侵彻水夹层间隔靶理论模型,得到了射流头部速度与侵彻距离之间的关系。为验证理论模型,用脉冲X光和计时仪获得了多个侵彻阶段的射流头部速度。通过模型分析了水夹层间隔靶结构对射流剩余头部速度的影响。结果表明:建立的理论模型正确,由其得到的射流穿过水夹层间隔靶后的剩余头部速度理论值与实验值平均误差为4.6%;当靶板厚度小于20 mm,且水夹层间隔小于150 mm时,水夹层间隔靶对射流头部速度的衰减效率较高。