麦草碱木质素的过氧化氢氧化氨解 Ⅱ.氧化氨解对木质素主要官能团的影响

研究了麦草碱木质素的过氧化氢氧化氨解对主要官能团的影响。结果表明过氧化氢用量、反应温度和时间对氧化氨解木质素的甲氧基、酚羟基和羧基含量均有明显的影响 ,在反应中甲氧基和酚羟基含量下降 ,而羧基含量呈上升趋势。木质素的甲氧基、羧基含量与总氮、有效氮含量均呈较好的线性关系。     

核交换法对禾草类木质素结构的研究

本文采用核交换法对麦草粉、Nkny－HCHO－AQ（SFP－AQ）浆、NaOH—Na2SO3一AQ（ASP—AQ）浆和NaOH—AQ（AP—AQ）浆中残余木质素的化学结构特性进行了研究。通过核交换法结合硝基苯氧化反应，测定麦草原本木质素和浆中残余本质素的各类型酚核的数量。结果表明麦草原本木质素主要由25．35mol％非缩聚G单元，17．60mol％非缩聚S单元和57．05mol％缩聚G单元所组成。与AP—AQ浆相比，SFP浆含有较少的DPM结构单元，这可能是SFP浆漂白性能好的原因之一。     

控释尿素在冬小麦上的一次性施肥研究

在驻马店市地力为中、低水平的砂姜黑土上进行冬小麦田间试验,研究控施尿素在小麦上一次性施肥技术。结果表明:两个试验点产量最高的为控释尿素A(一次性基施处理),达到7 500.4 kg/hm~2和8 145.1 kg/hm~2,与等氮量处理相比提高了180.1 kg/hm~2和224.9 kg/hm~2;在最佳施氮量的基础上减施20%的氮肥,与农民习惯施肥相比产量差异不显著,总体表现为不降低冬小麦产量,降低了施肥次数和劳动强度。     

Experimental study on drying characteristics of wheat by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance

The characteristics of transverse relaxation time (T₂) of water in wheat were studied by measuring the relaxation time of low-field nuclear magnetic resonance. Analysis of the exponential distribution of T₂ revealed that wheat contains five water components. The T₂ relaxation time and distribution significantly changed during drying. The dynamic characteristics of five water components during wheat drying were determined using the signal quantity of their characteristic peaks, which showed different features. Weakly chemically bound water (T₂₂) and water ascribed to cell wall (T₂₃) were the main source of water loss. Moreover, most T₂₃ and extracellular water (T₂₄) were removed during drying. Water migration between strongly chemically bound water (T₂₁) and the other water components was bidirectional. This process was not only affected by temperature but also by wheat moisture content and proportion of the five water components. The start time of water migration advanced and growth rate of T₂₁ at the end of drying to that before drying increased at 60, 70, and 80°C. Drying at varied temperatures should be applied according to the characteristics of five water components during the drying process. In addition, high initial temperature was found to be necessary to achieve high drying rate of T₂₃, T₂₄, and free water (T₂₅). The use of drying temperature of 80°C at the early stage and then changing to 70°C reduced the heat consumption by 4.81% and increased the drying time by 9.61%.     

25 g/L灭菌唑悬浮种衣剂在小麦及其土壤中的消解动态与残留

为评价灭菌唑在小麦上使用的安全性,建立其使用规范,于2015年开展了25 g/L灭菌唑悬浮种衣剂消解动态研究及最终残留试验。样品采用乙腈提取,固相萃取柱净化,LC/MS/MS进行检测。结果表明:灭菌唑在小麦植株和土壤中的半衰期分别为1.8~11.7 d、12.5~17.5 d。灭菌唑在小麦、植株及土壤中的最终残留量均低于0.05 mg/kg。结合日本小麦上灭菌唑最大残留限量值,拟推荐灭菌唑在我国小麦上的最大残留限量为0.05 mg/kg。     

连续法制备环氧米糠油

将双氧水、甲酸和专用催化剂滴加入米糠油中,在三个串联连接的反应釜中用连续法对米糠油进行氧化,产品精制后得到环氧米糠油。产品质量优于用传统方法生产的产品。     

MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE FIELDS WITHIN A GRAIN KERNEL DURING DRYING

ABSTRACT

Non-linear partial differential equations are presented for two dimensional heat and mass transfer within a single grain kernel during drying. In this model, the moisture evaporation inside the kernel is considered. The moisture is assumed to diffuse to the outer boundary of the kernel in liquid form and evaporate on the surface of the kernel. The influence of temperature and moisture content on grain properties is also considered in the simulation. The Non-linear partial differential equations are solved using the finite element method and simulation data is verified on a thin layer dryer for wheat kernels. The comparison shows that the simulated results have a high accuracy with average relative error of about 5%. The results of the finite element analysis can be used for grain quality evaluation, drying simulation studies and stress analysis of grain kernel.     

Adaptive Finite Element Analysis of Air Flow Inside Grain Dryers

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a simulation study of air flow inside dryers. An adaptive finite element methodology for two-dimensional problems was developed. This study is the first application of nadaptive techniques to such tupe of problems. The formultion is generic and can be easily extended to three-dimensional analysis. Several dryer configurations were studied in order to verify the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed methodology. Results agreed well with experimental data and show significant imporvements when compared to the conventional finite elements analysis.