脱皮对不同筋力小麦粉及其馒头品质的影响

对小麦进行适度脱皮,既能去除粗纤维和表面污染物,还能较好的保留微量营养素.以高筋、中筋和低筋小麦为原料,研究4％脱皮率对不同筋力小麦粉及其馒头品质的影响.结果表明,高筋和低筋小麦脱皮后糊化参数均有所提高,而中筋小麦有所下降;脱皮后,高筋、中筋和低筋小麦粉破损淀粉质量分数分别增加了6.0％、2.6％和4.2％;高筋和低筋...     

Light Spectral Composition Modifies Polyamine Metabolism in Young Wheat Plants

Although light-emitting diode (LED) technology has extended the research on targeted photomorphogenic, physiological, and biochemical responses in plants, there is not enough direct information about how light affects polyamine metabolism. In this study, the effect of three spectral compositions (referred to by their most typical characteristic: blue, red, and the combination of blue and red [pink] lights) on polyamine metabolism was compared to those obtained under white light conditions at the same light intensity. Although light quality induced pronounced differences in plant morphology, pigment contents, and the expression of polyamine metabolism-related genes, endogenous polyamine levels did not differ substantially. When exogenous polyamines were applied, their roborative effect were detected under all light conditions, but these beneficial changes were correlated with an increase in polyamine content and polyamine metabolism-related gene expression only under blue light. The effect of the polyamines on leaf gene expression under red light was the opposite, with a decreasing tendency. Results suggest that light quality may optimize plant growth through the adjustment of polyamine metabolism at the gene expression level. Polyamine treatments induced different strategies in fine-tuning of polyamine metabolism, which were induced for optimal plant growth and development under different spectral compositions.     

钾素对小麦生长发育及籽粒产量的影响

１９９３～１９９５年采取田间试验和池栽试验相结合的方法,对钾素的增产效应进行了研究。结果表明：高产条件下增施钾肥,能够增加小麦植株基部１,２节间粗度和壁厚,提高植株抗倒能力;能够提高叶面积系数,增加旗叶Ｃｈｌ含量,减少Ｏ_２~－产生,降生ＭＤＡ含量,延缓叶片衰老促进干物质积累与运转,增粒增重,从而显著增加小麦产量。但施钾量超过 １５０ｋｇ．ｈｍ~２以后其效果有所下降。     

He－Ne激光对小麦属间杂交影响的研究

１９８８～１９９２年，作者采用Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光辐照黑麦花粉与杂交相结合的方法，对小麦属间杂交（普通小麦×黑麦）进行了研究。属间杂交所获种子的结实率极显著高于对照，为１１３．２５～３４１．６０％。籽粒千粒重和饱满度均超过对照，差异极显著。Ｌ＿１代籽粒出苗率和植株成活率分别比对照提高５８．１８～８３．０６％，４１．３５～８７．７８％，差异均超过极显著水平。Ｌ＿１代种子、植株和穗的大多数形态特征呈中间型或似父本，其余特点象母本。在Ｌ＿１代植株中均获得了染色体自然加倍的双二倍体，即小黑麦种子。现已获得了Ｌ＿１、Ｌ＿２、Ｌ＿３和Ｌ＿４代的小黑麦后代材料。Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光诱变小麦属间杂交，使杂种染色体自然加倍，为小麦属间杂交育种工作提供了新的简便途径。     

A Mouse-Based Method to Monitor Wheat Allergens in Novel Wheat Lines and Varieties Created by Crossbreeding: Proof-of-Concept Using Durum and A. tauschii Wheats

Wheat allergies are potentially life-threatening because of the high risk of anaphylaxis. Wheats belong to four genotypes represented in thousands of lines and varieties. Monitoring changes to wheat allergens is critical to prevent inadvertent ntroduction of hyper-allergenic varieties via breeding. However, validated methods for this purpose are unavailable at present. As a proof-of-concept study, we tested the hypothesis that salt-soluble wheat allergens in our mouse model will be identical to those reported for humans. Groups of Balb/cJ mice were rendered allergic to durum wheat salt-soluble protein extract (SSPE). Using blood from allergic mice, a mini hyper-IgE plasma bank was created and used in optimizing an IgE Western blotting (IEWB) to identify IgE binding allergens. The LC-MS/MS was used to sequence the allergenic bands. An ancient Aegilops tauschii wheat was grown in our greenhouse and extracted SSPE. Using the optimized IEWB method followed by sequencing, the cross-reacting allergens in A. tauschii wheat were identified. Database analysis showed all but 2 of the durum wheat allergens and all A. tauschii wheat allergens identified in this model had been reported as human allergens. Thus, this model may be used to identify and monitor potential changes to salt-soluble wheat allergens caused by breeding.     

氟酮磺隆对小麦田禾本科杂草的活性

氟酮磺隆作为土壤处理剂,能有效的抑制看麦娘、野燕麦、雀麦,对节节麦也有一定抑制作用;作为茎叶处理剂,对麦田禾本科杂草的活性随着叶龄增加而降低,在看麦娘、野燕麦和雀麦3叶期以前和节节麦1．5叶期以前使用的除草效果好。对照药剂精噁唑禾草灵无土壤处理活性,苗后茎叶处理对雀麦和节节麦也无明显活性。     

自清式磁选器在小麦清理中的应用

本文阐述了自清式磁选器结构和工作原理、在生产过程中的控制要点、应用实例以及磁力测试方法.该设备不仅提高了磁选清理效率,同时减少了设备停机率和人员劳动强度.     

我国生麦制曲特征和操作技艺

为了充分认识我国传统生麦曲的制作工艺,介绍了传统生麦曲中微生物种群和来源、生麦曲的功能、作用和生麦制曲的特征,同时还详细介绍了生麦曲制作的工艺及生麦曲的质量要求.     

浅析营养强化面粉和营养素

介绍了小麦粉营养强化的定义、特点、方案及各营养素的功能,并分析了营养素的添加对面粉品质的影响。     

Bread and durum wheat compared for antioxidants contents,and lipoxygenase and peroxidase activities

Potential beneficial components, including proteins, total phenolics, total flavonoids, carotenoids, tocopherols, and DPPH radical scavenging activity, were investigated in wholemeal of ten bread (T. aestivum L.) and ten durum (T. durum Desf.) novel wheat genotypes. In addition, the activity rate of lipoxygenase (LOX) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes implicated in the antioxidant metabolism was determined. The protein contnet and the antioxidant properties varied according to the two different wheat species, as well as, between the different bread and durum wheat genotypes themselves. The results indicated significant differences in proteins and antioxidant compounds between bread and durum wheat. Higher total proteins, wet gluten and antioxidants contents, combined with lower LOX and POD activities, point to a higher nutritive value of durum wheat than bread wheat.