白色有机电致发光材料与器件

综述白色有机电致发光材料和器件的研究进展。归纳了获取白色有机电致发光的途径和方法。分析了多种器件结构的特点及其材料。结合研究过程中存在的某些问题,从器件的发光效率和色纯度角度,讨论了影响发光器件性能的诸因素及其改进措施。     

Brown Adipose Tissue Sheds Extracellular Vesicles That Carry Potential Biomarkers of Metabolic and Thermogenesis Activity Which Are Affected by High Fat Diet Intervention

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a key target for the development of new therapies against obesity due to its role in promoting energy expenditure; BAT secretory capacity is emerging as an important contributor to systemic effects, in which BAT extracellular vesicles (EVs) (i.e., batosomes) might be protagonists. EVs have emerged as a relevant cellular communication system and carriers of disease biomarkers. Therefore, characterization of the protein cargo of batosomes might reveal their potential as biomarkers of the metabolic activity of BAT. In this study, we are the first to isolate batosomes from lean and obese Sprague–Dawley rats, and to establish reference proteome maps. An LC-SWATH/MS analysis was also performed for comparisons with EVs secreted by white adipose tissue (subcutaneous and visceral WAT), and it showed that 60% of proteins were exclusive to BAT EVs. Precisely, batosomes of lean animals contain proteins associated with mitochondria, lipid metabolism, the electron transport chain, and the beta-oxidation pathway, and their protein cargo profile is dramatically affected by high fat diet (HFD) intervention. Thus, in obesity, batosomes are enriched with proteins involved in signal transduction, cell communication, the immune response, inflammation, thermogenesis, and potential obesity biomarkers including UCP1, Glut1, MIF, and ceruloplasmin. In conclusion, the protein cargo of BAT EVs is affected by the metabolic status and contains potential biomarkers of thermogenesis activity.     

Properties,Physiological Functions and Involvement of Basidiomycetous Alcohol Oxidase in Wood Degradation

Extensive research efforts have been devoted to describing yeast alcohol oxidase (AO) and its promoter region, which is vastly applied in studies of heterologous gene expression. However, little is known about basidiomycetous AO and its physiological role in wood degradation. This review describes several alcohol oxidases from both white and brown rot fungi, highlighting their physicochemical and kinetic properties. Moreover, the review presents a detailed analysis of available AO-encoding gene promoter regions in basidiomycetous fungi with a discussion of the manipulations of culture conditions in relation to the modification of alcohol oxidase gene expression and changes in enzyme production. The analysis of reactions catalyzed by lignin-modifying enzymes (LME) and certain lignin auxiliary enzymes (LDA) elucidated the possible involvement of alcohol oxidase in the degradation of derivatives of this polymer. Combined data on lignin degradation pathways suggest that basidiomycetous AO is important in secondary reactions during lignin decomposition by wood degrading fungi. With numerous alcoholic substrates, the enzyme is probably engaged in a variety of catalytic reactions leading to the detoxification of compounds produced in lignin degradation processes and their utilization as a carbon source by fungal mycelium.     

钨合金白口铸铁共晶碳化物团球化研究

钨白口铸铁成本低,但共晶碳化物呈连续网状分布,脆性大,在承受冲击载荷的工况下使用易断裂,使用范围受到严格限制。研究了Ce、K、Na复合变质处理对其组织和性能的影响,还提出了评价碳化物变质效果的圆度概念。变质处理后,钨合金白口铸铁的共晶碳化物形态发生了显著变化,在常规热处理条件下,共晶碳化物变成了团球状,使之冲击韧性提高了72.2%、耐磨性提高了49.9%。对共晶碳化物团球化机理进行了深入分析,并讨论了共晶碳化物团球化对力学性能和耐磨性能的影响。变质处理的钨合金白口铸铁轧辊使用寿命比高铬铸铁轧辊提高20%以上,生产成本降低30%以上,推广应用变质钨合金白口铸铁具有较好的经济效益。     

赤泥和钛白废液中提钪的浸出工艺研究

通过对赤泥中物相组成及钪的分布状态分析,提出将赤泥和钛白废液这两种工业废弃物酸碱中和后,再进行钪的提取。试验结果表明,赤泥和钛白废液浸出过程中对钪浸出率影响最大的是液固比,其次为浸出温度,而浸出时间的影响最小。浸出工艺的优化条件为液固比为3∶1,60℃下浸出30min时,浸出体系的过滤性能良好,浸出液中硫酸浓度为1.81 mol/L,其稳定性良好,钪富集浓度为28.4mg/L,钪浸出率为69.75%。     

Factors Associated with White Fat Browning: New Regulators of Lipid Metabolism

Mammalian adipose tissue can be divided into white and brown adipose tissue based on its colour, location, and cellular structure. Certain conditions, such as sympathetic nerve excitement, can induce the white adipose adipocytes into a new type of adipocytes, known as beige adipocytes. The process, leading to the conversion of white adipocytes into beige adipocytes, is called white fat browning. The dynamic balance between white and beige adipocytes is closely related to the body’s metabolic homeostasis. Studying the signal transduction pathways of the white fat browning might provide novel ideas for the treatment of obesity and alleviation of obesity-related glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. This article aimed to provide an overview of recent advances in understanding white fat browning and the role of BAT in lipid metabolism.     

Electron theory study on the effect of Mn on as-cast structure of Fe-C-Cr-Mn cast irons

The valence electron structure of alloying austenite of 3C-15Cr high chromium white cast iron with different Mn contents from 1% to 6% is analyzed by BLD method and EET. Results show that the addition of Mn has major influence on the valence electron structure of the alloying austenite, especially on that of Fe-C, Fe-C-Cr and Fe-C-Cr-Mn unit cells of it. The effect becomes weak when Mn content is over 4%. Based on the effect of n~, F~~, the weighting of each unit cell and the degree of undercooling on phase transition of the aus- tenite, we can calculate the retained austenite content of as-cast structure of the high chromium white cast iron. The calculation results coincide well with those of the experiment. The phase transition characters of the austenite in high chromium white cast iron can be forecasted through valence electron structure analysis of alloying austenite by BLD method and EET on the basis of Fe-C-Cr equilibrium phase diagram.     

冲泡型灵芝白茶的制备及其茶汤的抗氧化活性

以白茶、白芝、云芝和黑芝为原料制备冲泡型灵芝白茶,并以茶多酚作为阳性对照,以·OH、DPPH自由基、·O₂^-的清除率以及Fe²⁺诱导卵黄脂蛋白脂质过氧化的抑制率为指标,探究不同冲泡次数和冲泡时间对灵芝白茶茶汤抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,以白茶2.5 g、白芝0.4 g、云芝0.55 g、黑芝0.3 g混合制备成3.75g/袋的灵芝白茶感官品质最佳;冲泡次数、冲泡时间及二者交互作用对灵芝白茶茶汤抗氧化活性均具有极显著影响(P <0.01),且灵芝白茶3.75 g经200 mL开水(> 95℃)冲泡3 min后除渣所得茶汤的抗氧化活性最高(P <0.05),其对·OH的清除率为(74.05±0.82)%,与0.45 mg/mL茶多酚相当(P> 0.05);对·O₂^-的清除率达到(55.86±2.23)%,与0.40 mg/mL茶多酚相当(P> 0.05);对DPPH自由基清除率为(63.07±2.37)%,高于0.45 mg/mL茶多酚(P <0...     

基于支持向量机的白细胞自动识别

考虑到支持向量机(SVM)在训练样本有限的情况下处理高维数据上的优势,鉴于白细胞多光谱图像数据维数高的特点,为提高白细胞识别的速度和精度,采用支持向量机对白细胞的多值分类问题进行了研究,设计并实现了核函数为二值径向函数(RBF)的分类器,实验结果表明,该分类器有效地解决了白细胞的识别速度和精度问题,识别率达到了89.02%.     

红土镍矿为原料制备白炭黑的最佳工艺研究

以红土镍矿为原料,采用碱熔融-碳酸化分解方法制备出白炭黑产品。通过正交试验L₉(3⁴),找到碱熔融反应的最佳工艺条件：碱矿质量比150/50,反应温度823 K,反应时间3.5 h,原料粒度1.704 μm。该条件下放大试验二氧化硅转化率为79.10%。浸出液经碳酸化分解制得白炭黑产品符合国家HG/T3065-1999标准。碳酸化分解后所得溶液经苛化工艺实现碱和二氧化碳的循环利用。