Quality of dried haskap berries (Lonicera caerulea L.) as affected by prior juice extraction,osmotic treatment,and drying conditions

The effect of juice extraction conditions on the quality of haskap berries (Lonicera caerulea L.) dried at different temperatures (60, 100, and 140°C) was investigated. The conventional juice extraction (process A) consisted of a two-press process, where thawed berries were pressed, and osmotic treatment was applied before pressing again. This was compared with a modified extraction (process B), which applied osmotic treatment during fruit thawing and only one press was used for extraction. The quality parameters investigated included moisture content, pressed berry yield, extraction loss, drying yield, total anthocyanin content (TAC), vitamin C content, and the rehydration characteristics of the final dried berries. Pressing the berries to 70% juice yield resulted in a higher pressed berry yield and better physicochemical quality in the pressed product. The yield was 26.39 and 28.92% in the conventional and modified extraction, with moisture contents of 70.32 and 77.75%, respectively. The TACs of pressed berries from extraction processes A and B were 24.62 and 33.03?mg C-3-G g^?1 DW and the vitamin C contents were 14.14 and 36.18?mg/100?g, respectively. Drying at 60°C until 25% moisture content was better than at higher temperatures, resulting in a better quality dried product. It revealed drying yields of 45.32 and 52.75%, TACs of 4.00 and 4.30?mg C-3-G g^?1 DW, vitamin C contents of 2.97 and 4.91?mg /100?g, and rehydration ratios of 2.22 and 2.37 from processes A and B, respectively. Process B with the one-step extraction is recommended for higher pressed berry yield, higher drying yield, and enhanced quality of the pressed and dried products. It is also a more efficient process, in terms of time, cost, and energy.     

超高压处理对蓝靛果抗氧化物提取量及活性的影响

研究超高压处理对蓝靛果中总抗氧化物、花色苷、多酚、VC提取量及总抗氧化活性的影响,探索细胞微观结构与总抗氧化物提取量的关系。结果表明:提取压力为300 MPa时总抗氧化物提取量最高,为85.20 mg/g(以鲜果计);总抗氧化物冻干粉中总酚、花色苷、VC含量分别在300、400 MPa和对照组中最高,分别为136.48、4.12 μg/mg和27.14 μg/mg。提取压力为400 MPa时,总抗氧化物对2,2’-联氨-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二胺盐自由基清除能力(0.37 mmol/L)、Fe~(3+)还原能力(0.84 mmol/L)、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除能力(91.5%)最大,表明400 MPa压力条件下提取的抗氧化物活性最高。观察电子显微镜图片发现400 MPa处理对蓝靛果细胞破坏巨大,有利于抗氧化物的提取,从细胞微观结构角度证明超高压处理可以提高蓝靛果抗氧化物提取量;差异显著性分析表明VC、花色苷含量部分组之间不显著,其他组之间差异显著。通过本实验证实:超高压处理可以促进蓝靛果细胞破碎,有利于溶剂与抗氧化物接触,提高抗氧化物的提取量及抗氧化活性。     

金银花冲泡浸提的影响因素分析及状态参数优化

以提高水液中的营养成分和风味为目的，用保温杯冲泡，加盖水浸提金银花试验，探讨了冲泡浸提时间A、冲泡水温度B和溶媒浓度C等3个参数对液中的氨基酸浓度、可溶性固形物含量和pH值的影响。分析表明：冲泡水温度是阻碍金银花中的水溶性成分浸出的主要因素；冲泡浸提5min，水溶性成分大部分已浸出；增大溶媒浓度可提高冲泡浸提过程的推动力，加快水溶性成分浸出速度，但水液中的营养成分浓度或含量比例下降。通过均匀设计法优化的最佳冲泡浸提参数：溶媒浓度为15.5-18.7:1，冲泡水温度为77.5-95℃，浸提时间为2.5-18.1min。     

响应面法优化蓝靛果酒低温二氧化碳浸渍工艺

以蓝靛果为原料,对蓝靛果酒低温CO2浸渍工艺进行优化。研究浸渍时间、浸渍温度和浸渍压力对蓝靛果酒品质的影响,在单因素试验的基础上以蓝靛果酒感官评分为响应值进行响应曲面的优化设计。得到最佳的浸渍工艺为:浸渍时间5.6 d、浸渍温度6℃、浸渍压力0.1 MPa,此条件下蓝靛果酒的感官评分为91,色泽鲜红,口味柔和,香气浓郁,具有独特的风味。通过对比试验,对果酒的主要理化指标进行测定,并进行感官评价。试验表明,低温CO2浸渍工艺能降低蓝靛果酒中总酸和单宁的含量,并且能保证花色苷等酚类物质的有效浸出。     

蓝靛果花色苷对高脂膳食诱导肥胖大鼠脂代谢和抗氧化能力的影响

目的:研究蓝靛果果渣花色苷(Lonicera caerulea residue anthocyanin,LCRA)对高脂膳食诱导肥胖大鼠脂类代谢和抗氧化能力的影响。方法:将大鼠随机分为基础对照,肥胖模型对照和低、中、高剂量花色苷共5组,即4.0、40.0、120mg/kg bw.d的花色苷灌胃,基础对照组和肥胖模型对照组分别灌胃生理盐水(1.2g/kg bw.d);连续28d后,分别测定大鼠体质量、脂肪、肝脏质量,血清总胆固醇(TC)、总甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)含量以及肝脏脂肪酶(LPS)、肝脂酶(HL)、脂蛋白脂肪酶(LPL)、超氧化歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)的活性和脂质过氧化物(MDA)含量。结果:与肥胖模型对照组相比,LCRA能显著降低肥胖模型大鼠血脂水平,使肝脏LPS、HL、LPL、SOD和GSH-Px活性明显增强,MDA的生成量显著减少。结论:LCRA对高脂膳食诱导肥胖大鼠脂代谢有明显调节作用,可有效减少肝脏过氧化损伤,预防动脉硬化的发生。     

无机陶瓷纳滤膜法精制金银花水提液的试验研究

选择孔径为100nm的无机陶瓷纳滤膜对金银花水提液进行了分离提纯试验,考察了操作压力、料液循环流速、料液温度及料液浓度等操作参数对无机陶瓷纳滤膜分离性能的影响,为工业实际应用提供依据.研究结果表明,孔径为100nm的无机陶瓷纳滤膜对金银花水提液中的蛋白质、多糖等杂质的去除效果要明显优于传统的水提醇沉方法,而对有效成分绿原酸的影响较小,能够达到金银花水提液的精制要求,所需时间也大大缩短.随着料液温度及循环流速的增加,稳态渗透通量有显著提高;同时料液浓度的降低也有助于提高稳态渗透通量.但稳态渗透通量并不随着操作压力的增加而成比例增加.     

Effects of gamma irradiation on color characteristics and biological activities of extracts of Lonicera japonica (Japanese honeysuckle) with methanol and acetone

Effects of gamma irradiation on the color characteristic and biological activities of methanol and acetone extracts of Lonicera japonica (Japanese honeysuckle) irradiated at 0, 10, 20, and 30 kGy were investigated. Hunter color L^*- and a^*-value increased by irradiation in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in it being lighter than the nonirradiated, while Hunter color b^*-values decreased by irradiation (P<0.05). The extracts from L. japonica showed an inhibition effect against tyrosinase, xanthine oxidase and the nitrite scavenging ability. Tyrosinase inhibition effect of L. japonica was higher in the irradiated sample than the nonirradiated, and the effect was increased by irradiation doses. The L. japonica extracts had a higher inhibitory effect against xanthine oxidase, and the effect was not changed by irradiation. Nitrite scavenging activity was the highest in L. japonica extract at pH 1.2. The difference between solvents used was not detected. Thus, gamma irradiation may have no influence on the biological activities of the L. japonica extracts except for the tyrosinase inhibition effect when irradiated up to 30 kGy.     

金银花不同贮藏时期有效成分与抗氧化力的研究

采用生物化学分析法研究金银花不同贮藏时期的有效成分与抗氧化力。金银花采后常规贮藏1个月,其所含绿原酸和总黄酮下降显著;3个月后上述两种物质的含量为原来的50%～60%。其总抗氧化力下降趋势与之相同,且更为显著。金银花有效成分含量与总抗氧化力显著相关,金银花采后的贮藏情况对保持其抗氧化力非常重要。     

大孔树脂纯化灰毡毛忍冬中绿原酸的研究

研究了大孔树脂纯化灰毡毛忍冬绿原酸的性能.结果表明大孔树脂NKA-9可用于灰毡毛忍冬中绿原酸粗提物的纯化,其最佳工艺为:洗脱液为45%乙醇,样液浓度为20%,样液pH值为5,上柱流速为0.5BV/h,洗脱流速为1BV/h,洗脱液用量为4BV.