Effect of spray nozzle design on liquid-solid contact in fluidized beds

In industrial fluid cokers the feedstock, consisting of heavy bituminous hydrocarbons, is atomized with steam and injected into a hot fluidized bed of coke. Good and uniform contact of the liquid droplets with the solid particles is required to provide heat for the cracking reactions while minimizing mass transfer effects. Experiments in a pilot plant coker have suggested that the initial particle/liquid mixing, in the spray jet, is rather poor. Experiments in a X-ray scanner showed that liquid droplets and entrained particles accumulate just below the tip of the jet plume to form agglomerates.An experimental technique was used to quantitatively determine the quality of mixing with a variety of nozzle configurations including several novel designs. By improving spray stability, redistributing liquid droplets to the solids-rich region of the jet and increasing the surface area of the gas-liquid jet-fluidized bed interface, liquid/solid contact is improved.     

提高锅炉雾化喷嘴的雾化效果的几种手段

雾化喷嘴是各行各业中都非常关键的设备,其雾化效果在工农业中都非常重要,雾化的手段和方法更是多种多样,而提高雾化效果对于节能、环保等都非常关键,本文将着重介绍提高喷嘴雾化效果的几种方法。     

Analysis of surface integrity for minimum quantity lubricant—MQL in grinding

The quality of machined components is currently of high interest, for the market demands mechanical components of increasingly high performance, not only from the standpoint of functionality but also from that of safety. Components produced through operations involving the removal of material display surface irregularities resulting not only from the action of the tool itself, but also from other factors that contribute to their superficial texture. This texture can exert a decisive influence on the application and performance of the machined component. This article analyzes the behavior of the minimum quantity lubricant (MQL) technique and compares it with the conventional cooling method. To this end, an optimized fluid application method was devised using a specially designed nozzle, by the authors, through which a minimum amount of oil is sprayed in a compressed air flow, thus meeting environmental requirements. This paper, therefore, explores and discusses the concept of the MQL in the grinding process. The performance of the MQL technique in the grinding process was evaluated based on an analysis of the surface integrity (roughness, residual stress, microstructure and microhardness). The results presented here are expected to lead to technological and ecological gains in the grinding process using MQL.     

基于随机开关喷孔数量的3D错位打印研究及应用

3D打印机打印过程是逐层堆砌打印,在实际的工业生产中,打印机喷头经常会出现部分喷孔堵塞,无法喷墨的情况,导致打印的零部件在层叠加方向上堵塞喷孔的部位始终无法喷洒粘接剂造成断裂面而成型失败。目前只能清理喷孔后再重新打印或更换喷头解决上述问题,但是会造成喷头使用寿命减短、生产效率降低、成本增加等问题。通过随机开关部分喷孔和打印头偏移相结合的方式可以有效的避免因少量喷孔堵塞而导致的打印零部件断裂报废的问题,也可延长喷头使用寿命。从而使得3D打印在生产制造领域使用的更加得心应手。     

Effect of nozzle type on pulse-jet cleaning performance of ceramic filter tube

The dust-cleaning efficiency of the ceramic filter tube is the key factor to determine the long-term stable operation of the dust removal system, and the type of nozzle significantly influences the performance. In this study, four types of nozzles (injection hole, sudden enlargement nozzle, tubular nozzle, and induction nozzle) are used to conduct comparative experimental study on the dust-cleaning effect of the ceramic filter tube. Using the schlieren technique find that the tubular and induction nozzles can improve the deviation angle of pulse-jet airflow. The injection parameters were set as an injection pressure of 200 kPa, an injection distance of 120 mm and a pulse width of 80 ms in the experiment. Using the sidewall pressure measurement system indicates that the integrated pressure of the sudden enlargement nozzle is the largest, but the uniformity is poor. The comprehensive pressure of the sudden enlargement nozzle is increased by 64.86 %, and the non-uniformity is reduced by 28.62 % compared with those of the induction nozzle. Using the visualization filtration cycle test system implies that the degree of damage and stripping state of the dust layer are directly proportional to the sidewall pressure. Moreover, it is found that the residual pressure drop changes exponentially with the dust removal quality under different nozzle types. These conclusions can help explain the mechanism of dust stripping and provide a basis for the selection of nozzles.     

二冷喷嘴类型和布置对板坯质量的影响

对南钢超低头板坯连铸机使用的二冷喷嘴性能测试表明 ,扁平喷嘴喷射水流分布均匀 ,而圆形喷嘴喷射水流分布不均匀 ,易造成板坯侧面凹陷和三角区裂纹。根据二冷仿真软件模拟 10 0 0mm× 180mm板坯冷却过程 ,得出改进工艺模型 :在板坯侧面全部采用扁平喷嘴 ,并将板坯正面喷嘴间距由 2 2 5～ 30 0mm改为180～ 2 0 0mm。应用结果表明 ,生产板坯的优质品率由 86 32 %增至 92 2 2 %。     

冷镦钢SWRCH22A炼钢工艺优化研究

主要介绍了首钢水钢冷镦钢SWRCH22A炼钢生产工艺优化的改造实践。针对冷镦钢SWRCH22A工艺存在钢水回si现象严重、可浇性不稳定的问题采取相应的优化工艺措施,通过生产工艺的优化,水钢生产的SWRCH22A钢水回si量由开发初期的平均0．04％降至平均0．02％,连浇炉数由2炉提高至7炉。生产节奏和品质明显提升。     

电动缸式钢包长水口机械手的技术改造

介绍了宝钢5号连铸机钢包长水口机械手的设备构成及技术性能,阐述设备长时间运行所存在的问题,针对问题提出了设备改进的措施。     

喷嘴长度和喷嘴出口位置对喷射器性能的影响

为提高喷射器的引射性能,利用Fluent软件对喷射器的内部流场进行数值模拟,研究了喷嘴轴向长度和喷嘴出口位置对喷射器引射性能的影响规律。结果表明:喷嘴扩散角对喷射器的引射性能影响很小;当喷嘴收缩段长度为喷嘴喉部直径的6倍,喷嘴出口位置为混合室圆柱段直径的1.8倍时,喷射器的引射性能最佳。研究结果可以为喷射器的结构参数优化提供参考。