电力系统操作人因可靠性分析及其数据库系统研究

人为因素是影响电力系统操作可靠性的重要因素,并受到越来越多的重视,但人因数据的缺乏成了阻碍电力系统人因可靠性分析(HRA)领域发展的重要原因。在总结分析电力系统人因可靠性研究现状的基础上,提出了电力系统操作相关的扩展认知模型及行为影响因子(PIFs)分类体系,并设计开发了针对电力系统领域的人因数据库系统。所设计的数据库系统除了具有人因数据采集和管理等基本功能外,还具有人因失误率(HEP)统计计算功能和数据共享机制。结果证明,该数据库系统可以为验证已有人因可靠性分析方法对电力系统操作的适用性及发展新的人因可靠性分析方法提供数据支持。     

Identification of the Regulators of Epidermis Development under Drought- and Salt-Stressed Conditions by Single-Cell RNA-Seq

As sessile organisms, plants constantly face challenges from the external environment. In order to meet these challenges and survive, plants have evolved a set of sophisticated adaptation strategies, including changes in leaf morphology and epidermal cell development. These developmental patterns are regulated by both light and hormonal signaling pathways. However, our mechanistic understanding of the role of these signaling pathways in regulating plant response to environmental stress is still very limited. By applying single-cell RNA-Seq, we determined the expression pattern of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF) 1, PIF3, PIF4, and PIF5 genes in leaf epidermal pavement cells (PCs) and guard cells (GCs). PCs and GCs are very sensitive to environmental stress, and our previous research suggests that these PIFs may be involved in regulating the development of PCs, GCs, and leaf morphology under environmental stress. Growth analysis showed that pif1/3/4/5 quadruple mutant maintained tolerance to drought and salt stress, and the length to width ratio of leaves and petiole length under normal growth conditions were similar to those of wild-type (WT) plants under drought and salt treatment. Analysis of the developmental patterns of PCs and GCs, and whole leaf morphology, further confirmed that these PIFs may be involved in mediating the development of epidermal cells under drought and salt stress, likely by regulating the expression of MUTE and TOO MANY MOUTHS (TMM) genes. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of plant adaptation to adverse growth environments.