应用基因组重排技术提高普那霉素产量

将普那霉素产生菌——始旋链霉菌ND-23的孢子和原生质体经紫外线诱变后获得高产突变菌株,其中高产突变株SP-S73的产量达到356 mg/L,比出发菌株提高了31%.在上述增产突变株中选取4株作为基因组重排的出发亲本,对它们进行了4轮基因组重排育种,筛选得到了高产重排菌株,其中1株重排菌株G-211的普那霉素产量为832 mg/L,比产量最高的亲本菌株提高了134%,比原始出发菌株ND-23(272 mg/L)提高了206%.通过研究高产菌株和出发菌株ND-23在5 L罐上的发酵过程,发现普那霉素产生菌的生物合成属于非生长耦合型;其高产菌株G-211在合成产物的时期对还原糖和氨基氮的消耗量均大于原始菌株ND-23,这些结果将为高产菌株发酵条件优化和发酵放大研究提供有价值的参考.     

Interrogating the Tailoring Steps of Pactamycin Biosynthesis and Accessing New Pactamycin Analogues

Pactamycin is a bacteria‐derived aminocyclitol antibiotic with a wide‐range of biological activity. Its chemical structure and potent biological activities have made it an interesting lead compound for drug discovery and development. Despite its unusual chemical structure, many aspects of its formation in nature remain elusive. Using a combination of genetic inactivation and metabolic analysis, we investigated the tailoring processes of pactamycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces pactum. The results provide insights into the sequence of events during the tailoring steps of pactamycin biosynthesis and explain the unusual production of various pactamycin analogues by S. pactum mutants. We also identified two new pactamycin analogues that have better selectivity indexes than pactamycin against malarial parasites.     

A Taguchi design approach for the enhancement of a detergent-biocompatible alkaline thermostable protease production by Streptomyces mutabilis strain TN-X30

The ability of microorganisms to grow at high temperature, alkaline pH, and high salinity makes them an attractive target for enzyme-production with several industrial applications. One strain TN-X30 has been selected as protease producer and identified as Streptomyces mutabilis after a phenotypic and molecular study. Its production of protease was improved using Taguchi L27 design. The strategy was carried out to identify the optimum levels and the interaction of the screened factors. Following this step, maximum protease activity (10,895 U/ml) was achieved after 6-days of incubation. The TN-X30 protease activity had an optimum of pH and temperature of 10 and 65°C, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters at 60°C were enthalpy 14.26 kJ/mol, entropy −220 J/mol/K, and Gibbs free energy 90.53 kJ/mol. TN-X30 protease production displayed a 16-fold increase reaching 175,000 U/ml in a 100-L fermentor. Furthermore, the lyophilization in presence of sorbitol enhanced the stability of the TN-X30 protease which remained active at 75% after 24-months of storage. The lyophilized TN-X30 protease exhibited exceptional stability indexes in presence of some known commercialized detergent components as NEODOL® 25-7, Dehydol® LT 7, Na₂ CMC, Galaxy LAS, Galaxy LES 70, Galaxy 110, Galaxy CAPB Plus, and Sulfacid K. The lyophilized enzyme also displayed high stability with respect to both solid and liquid detergents. Finally, TN-X30 protease exhibited remarkable destaining of blood, egg, and chocolate stained cloth pieces. These findings may promote TN-X30 protease for use as bioadditive in detergent formulation, thereby reducing environmental chemical threat.     

大孔树脂D380固定化橄榄绿链霉菌E-86来源木聚糖酶的研究

选择有代表性的 1 4种吸附和离子交换树脂进行了橄榄绿链霉菌E 86来源的木聚糖酶固定化试验 ,筛选出固定化效果较好的 72 4和D3 80两种树脂 ;对含伯氨基的离子交换树脂D3 80采用戊二醛进行交联固定化 ,研究了其固定化条件。结果表明 ,戊二醛浓度为1 % ,处理 3 0min ,加酶量为 0 8～ 1mL ,酶液pH 5 8,2 5℃ ,5～ 1 0h固定化处理效果最好 ,获得的固定化酶活力可达 64U/ g(载体 )。     

食品生物防腐剂产生菌门间远缘细胞融合研究

乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)和ε-聚赖氨酸是由微生物产生的安全的天然防腐剂,分别由乳酸链球菌和白色链霉菌产生。这两种生物防腐剂的抑菌效果不同,存在互补性。为了获得具有更广谱抑菌作用的优良性状的菌株,探索远缘细胞融合的可行性,以自主分离的ε-聚赖氨酸产生菌白色链霉菌YB12和Nisin产生菌NZ9700作为亲本菌株,通过原生质体融合技术将两个菌株进行门间的细胞融合;通过抗药性筛选、形态学观察、SRAP-PCR分子鉴定,成功获得两株稳定遗传的融合菌株。同时对融合菌株的抑菌活性进行了检测。     

纳他霉素高产菌株的选育

以恰努塔加链霉菌株(Streptomyces Chattanoogensis)ATCC13358为出发菌株,依次利用紫外线和微波进行诱变处理,通过诱变剂量与致死率的关系确定最适诱变剂量。采用60 s的紫外线照射和微波处理50 s对恰努塔加链霉菌株ATCC13358进行诱变,得到1株青霉素和制霉菌素双抗性突变株M102,在相同发酵条件下,产量达到3.298 g/L,较出发菌株ATCC13358提高了2.18倍。连续传代10次,产量性状无大变化,表明该菌株遗传性状稳定。     

辅助能量物质柠檬酸促进ε-聚赖氨酸的合成

为提高ε-聚赖氨酸(ε-PL)合成能力,考察了柠檬酸对Streptomyces sp.M-Z18菌体生长和ε-PL合成的影响。研究发现,柠檬酸作为辅助能量物质,对ε-PL发酵过程影响显著。通过对柠檬酸添加时间、添加量和pH值的优化,确定了最佳柠檬酸添加方式,结合补料-分批发酵工艺,显著提高了ε-PL的产量。实验结果表明,在5L发酵罐中,维持pH为3.8,初始柠檬酸添加量为20 g/L时,分批发酵ε-PL的产量达到9.50 g/L,产率达到4.40 g/(L.d),较未添加柠檬酸发酵分别提高了46.4%和48.1%。采用添加柠檬酸的补料-分批发酵工艺,发酵168 h后ε-PL的产量达到22.89 g/L,是分批发酵的2.41倍。     

50L自控式发酵罐中ε-聚赖氨酸发酵条件的优化

在50L自控式发酵罐上进行了ε-聚赖氨酸(ε-PL)发酵条件的优化研究,主要考察了分批发酵和补料分批发酵过程中pH、搅拌转速对ε-PL发酵和菌体生长的影响。结果表明,当控制pH在5.0以上时有利于菌体的生长,但ε-PL基本不合成,甚至出现降解现象;当维持pH在4.0左右时,能促进ε-PL的合成。搅拌转速为300 r/min时,有利于溶氧和传质,400r/min时,由于剪切力过大,导致菌丝断裂,ε-PL产量下降。通过控制发酵中后期pH4.0和搅拌转速300r/min的pH反馈控制自动流加补料培养,可获得最大的ε-PL产量7.36g/L,产率0.072g/g,产量较优化前提高近10倍,产率提高2倍。